Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection among MSM Attending University in China: Implications for Vaccination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Sample Collection and Testing
2.4. Variables and Definitions
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Sexual and High-Risk Behaviors
3.3. Anal HPV Detection and Types
3.4. Risk Factors of Anal HPV Infection
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | n | Any HPV-Positive (n = 160) | Any HPV-Negative (n = 266) | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | |||
Age (years) | ||||||
≤20 | 225 | 78 | 48.8 | 147 | 55.3 | 0.192 |
>20 | 201 | 82 | 51.3 | 119 | 44.7 | |
Education | ||||||
Technical diploma | 84 | 40 | 25.0 | 44 | 16.5 | 0.034 |
Undergraduate | 342 | 120 | 75.0 | 222 | 83.5 | |
Academic performance | ||||||
Average and below | 88 | 33 | 20.6 | 55 | 20.7 | 0.990 |
Above average | 338 | 127 | 79.4 | 211 | 79.3 | |
Regions | ||||||
Southern | 117 | 34 | 21.3 | 83 | 31.2 | 0.058 |
Eastern | 100 | 40 | 25.0 | 60 | 22.6 | |
Northern | 113 | 52 | 32.5 | 61 | 22.9 | |
Western | 96 | 34 | 21.3 | 62 | 23.3 | |
Sexual orientation | ||||||
Other | 20 | 6 | 3.8 | 14 | 5.3 | 0.106 |
Bisexual | 42 | 10 | 6.3 | 32 | 12.0 | |
Homosexual | 364 | 144 | 90.0 | 220 | 82.7 | |
Gender of sex partners (n = 414) | ||||||
Only male | 401 | 155 | 98.1 | 246 | 96.1 | 0.261 |
Male and female | 13 | 3 | 1.9 | 10 | 3.9 | |
Age at first anal intercourse (years) | ||||||
<18 | 235 | 100 | 62.5 | 135 | 50.8 | 0.018 |
≥18 | 191 | 60 | 37.5 | 131 | 49.2 | |
Number of sex partners (P3M) | ||||||
0 | 103 | 31 | 19.4 | 72 | 27.1 | 0.012 |
1–2 | 245 | 89 | 55.6 | 156 | 58.6 | |
>2 | 78 | 40 | 25.0 | 38 | 14.3 | |
Group sex (P3M) | ||||||
No | 349 | 129 | 80.6 | 220 | 82.7 | 0.589 |
Yes | 77 | 31 | 19.4 | 46 | 17.3 | |
Role in anal sex (P3M) (n = 305) | ||||||
Receptive | 100 | 57 | 45.6 | 43 | 23.9 | <0.001 |
Versatile | 150 | 59 | 47.2 | 91 | 50.6 | |
Insertive | 55 | 9 | 7.2 | 46 | 25.6 | |
Unprotected anal intercourse (P3M) | ||||||
No | 291 | 103 | 64.4 | 188 | 70.7 | 0.176 |
Yes | 135 | 57 | 35.6 | 78 | 29.3 | |
HIV testing (lifetime) | ||||||
No | 47 | 9 | 5.6 | 38 | 14.3 | 0.006 |
Yes | 379 | 151 | 94.4 | 228 | 85.7 | |
HIV status of sex partners (P3M) (n = 196) | ||||||
Negative | 144 | 51 | 64.6 | 93 | 79.5 | 0.065 |
Positive | 5 | 3 | 3.8 | 2 | 1.7 | |
Unknown | 47 | 25 | 31.6 | 22 | 18.8 | |
Sex after alcohol use (P12M) | ||||||
No | 343 | 119 | 74.4 | 224 | 84.2 | 0.013 |
Yes | 83 | 41 | 25.6 | 42 | 15.8 | |
Recreational drug used in sex (lifetime) | ||||||
No | 300 | 103 | 64.4 | 197 | 74.1 | 0.034 |
Yes | 126 | 57 | 35.6 | 69 | 25.9 | |
HIV status | ||||||
Negative | 414 | 151 | 94.4 | 263 | 98.9 | 0.012 |
Positive | 12 | 9 | 5.6 | 3 | 1.1 |
Type of Infection | Positive Cases | Prevalence (95% CI) (%) |
---|---|---|
Any HPV type | 160 | 37.5 (32.9, 42.2) |
Any high-risk type | 107 | 25.1 (21.0, 29.3) |
Any low-risk type | 112 | 26.3 (22.1, 30.5) |
No. of HPV genotype detections | ||
Median and range | Median: 2 | Min: 1, Max: 9 |
1 type | 79 | 18.5 (14.8, 22.3) |
2 types | 44 | 10.3 (7.4, 13.2) |
3 types | 18 | 4.2 (2.3, 6.1) |
4+ types | 19 | 4.5 (2.5, 6.4) |
Single infection | ||
Single high-risk types | 35 | 8.2 (5.6, 10.8) |
Single low-risk types | 44 | 10.3 (7.4, 13.2) |
Mixed infection | ||
Multiple high-risk types | 13 | 3.1 (1.4, 4.7) |
Multiple low-risk types | 9 | 2.1 (0.7, 3.5) |
Both high-risk and low-risk types | 59 | 13.8 (10.6, 17.1) |
High-risk type | ||
HPV 16 | 37 | 8.7 (6.0, 11.4) |
HPV 18 | 17 | 4.0 (2.1, 5.9) |
HPV 31 | 5 | 1.2 (0.1, 2.2) |
HPV 33 | 7 | 1.6 (0.4, 2.9) |
HPV 35 | 2 | 0.5 (−0.2, 1.1) |
HPV 39 | 11 | 2.6 (1.1, 4.1) |
HPV 45 | 9 | 2.1 (0.7, 3.5) |
HPV 51 | 16 | 3.8 (1.9, 5.6) |
HPV 52 | 16 | 3.8 (1.9, 5.6) |
HPV 56 | 8 | 1.9 (0.6, 3.2) |
HPV 58 | 9 | 2.1 (0.7, 3.5) |
HPV 59 | 1 | 0.2 (−0.2, 0.7) |
HPV 68 | 17 | 4.0 (2.1, 5.9) |
Low-risk type | ||
HPV 6 | 38 | 8.9 (6.2, 11.6) |
HPV 11 | 32 | 7.5 (5.0, 10.0) |
HPV 40 | 14 | 3.3 (1.6, 5.0) |
HPV 42 | 8 | 1.9 (0.6, 3.2) |
HPV 43 | 5 | 1.2 (0.1, 2.2) |
HPV 44 | 3 | 0.7 (−0.1, 1.5) |
HPV 53 | 7 | 1.6 (0.4, 2.9) |
HPV 54 | 6 | 1.4 (0.3, 2.5) |
HPV 55 | 3 | 0.7 (−0.1, 1.5) |
HPV 61 | 10 | 2.3 (0.9, 3.8) |
HPV 66 | 3 | 0.7 (−0.1, 1.5) |
HPV 67 | 10 | 2.3 (0.9, 3.8) |
HPV 69 | 1 | 0.2 (−0.2, 0.7) |
HPV 70 | 1 | 0.2 (−0.2, 0.7) |
HPV 71 | 1 | 0.2 (−0.2, 0.7) |
HPV 72 | 2 | 0.5 (−0.2, 1.1) |
HPV 73 | 5 | 1.2 (0.1, 2.2) |
HPV 81 | 8 | 1.9 (0.6, 3.2) |
HPV 82 | 5 | 1.2 (0.1, 2.2) |
HPV 84 | 6 | 1.4 (0.3, 2.5) |
Vaccine-preventable types | ||
9vHPV | 127 | 29.8 (25.5, 34.2) |
4vHPV | 105 | 24.6 (20.5, 28.8) |
HPV 6/11 | 67 | 15.7 (12.3, 19.2) |
HPV 16/18 | 49 | 11.5 (8.5, 14.5) |
No. of vaccine-preventable type detections | ||
Median and range | Median: 1 | Min: 1, Max: 5 |
1 type | 95 | 22.3 (18.3, 26.3) |
2 types | 25 | 5.9 (3.6, 8.1) |
3 types | 4 | 0.9 (0, 1.9) |
4+ types | 3 | 0.7 (−0.1, 1.5) |
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Share and Cite
Fan, S.; Li, P.; Ouyang, L.; Yuan, T.; Gong, H.; Ding, Y.; Luo, Z.; Wu, G.; Yu, M.; Zou, H. Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection among MSM Attending University in China: Implications for Vaccination. Vaccines 2020, 8, 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020175
Fan S, Li P, Ouyang L, Yuan T, Gong H, Ding Y, Luo Z, Wu G, Yu M, Zou H. Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection among MSM Attending University in China: Implications for Vaccination. Vaccines. 2020; 8(2):175. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020175
Chicago/Turabian StyleFan, Song, Peiyang Li, Lin Ouyang, Tanwei Yuan, Hui Gong, Yi Ding, Zhenzhou Luo, Guohui Wu, Maohe Yu, and Huachun Zou. 2020. "Anal Human Papillomavirus Infection among MSM Attending University in China: Implications for Vaccination" Vaccines 8, no. 2: 175. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020175