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Article

Vulnerability Analysis of a Road Network for Liquid Chemicals Transportation Considering Intentional Attack

Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(16), 8807; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15168807 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 12 June 2025 / Revised: 6 August 2025 / Accepted: 7 August 2025 / Published: 9 August 2025

Abstract

While tank vehicles are in the process of transporting liquid chemicals, the transportation task may be delayed or terminated due to disruptions in the transportation network. To reduce transportation losses, it may be necessary to evaluate network performance to cope with emergencies in the transportation network. This study investigates the vulnerability of the road network for liquid chemical transportation (RNLCT) under both intentional and random attacks. We selected six network indices, including average degree, average path length, average betweenness of node and edge, average clustering coefficient, and network efficiency to analyze the topological structure of the network. A reverse greedy algorithm is applied to identify 40 key nodes for simulated intentional attacks. The results show that network efficiency drops by 57.3% under targeted attacks, compared to 37.8% under random attacks. Moreover, the proposed method outperforms the distance laplacian centrality, which leads to a 43.3% reduction, demonstrating its effectiveness in identifying key nodes and enhancing network robustness.
Keywords: road transportation network; intentional attack; reverse greedy algorithm; network performance; vulnerability analysis road transportation network; intentional attack; reverse greedy algorithm; network performance; vulnerability analysis

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Cao, R.; Zheng, F. Vulnerability Analysis of a Road Network for Liquid Chemicals Transportation Considering Intentional Attack. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 8807. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15168807

AMA Style

Cao R, Zheng F. Vulnerability Analysis of a Road Network for Liquid Chemicals Transportation Considering Intentional Attack. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(16):8807. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15168807

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cao, Runfeng, and Feifeng Zheng. 2025. "Vulnerability Analysis of a Road Network for Liquid Chemicals Transportation Considering Intentional Attack" Applied Sciences 15, no. 16: 8807. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15168807

APA Style

Cao, R., & Zheng, F. (2025). Vulnerability Analysis of a Road Network for Liquid Chemicals Transportation Considering Intentional Attack. Applied Sciences, 15(16), 8807. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15168807

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