Diversity of Water Frogs Pelophylax spp. in Turkey: Do Mating Vocalizations Mirror Nominal Taxon Delimitation? †
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Populations and Sampling
2.2. Call Records and Analyses
2.3. Statistical Procedures
3. Results
3.1. Comparison of Advertisement Calls
3.2. Comparison of Release Calls
3.2.1. Type 1 Calls
3.2.2. Type 2 Calls
4. Discussion
4.1. Validation of Call Identification
4.2. Acoustic Premating Barriers and Taxon Delimitation
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Call Parameter | P. ridibundus | P. bedriagae | P. caralitanus | Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Call duration [ms] | 609 ± 17 | 625 ± 24 | 680 ± 41 | p = 0.2734 |
Pulse groups per call [N] | 7.0 ± 0.2 a | 8.1 ± 0.3 b | 8.5 ± 0.4 b | p = 0.0003 |
Pulse group duration [ms] | 58.8 ± 0.9 a | 44.1 ± 1.2 c | 53.0 ± 2.1 b | p < 0.0001 |
Pulse group interval [ms] | 38.6 ± 1.1 a | 45.1 ± 1.1 b | 41.2 ± 1.7 b | p = 0.0070 |
Pulse group repetition rate [N/s] | 11.6 ± 0.2 a | 13.1 ± 0.3 b | 12.8 ± 2.7 b | p = 0.0002 |
Pulses per pulse group [N] | 20.1 ± 0.3 a | 12.2 ± 0.5 b | 13.0 ± 0.8 b | p < 0.0001 |
Pulse repetition rate per pulse group [N/s] | 343 ± 7 a | 287 ± 9 b | 244 ± 16 c | p < 0.0001 |
Dominant frequency [Hz] | 2209 ± 51 | 2183 ± 61 | 1983 ± 92 | p = 0.4632 |
Call Parameter | P. ridibundus | P. bedriagae | P. caralitanus | Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Call duration [ms] | 248 ± 7 | 254 ± 16 | 213 ± 19 | p = 0.5727 |
Pulse groups per call [N] | 3.8 ± 0.1 a | 4.4 ± 0.2 b | 3.2 ± 0.2 a | p = 0.0005 |
Pulse group duration [ms] | 45.3 ± 1.0 b | 40.2 ± 2.2 a | 46.8 ± 2.8 b | p = 0.0148 |
Pulse group interval [ms] | 25.9 ± 0.9 a | 21.6 ± 1.9 a | 28.7 ± 2.5 b | p = 0.0041 |
Pulse group repetition rate [N/s] | 16.9 ± 0.4 | 18.6 ± 0.9 | 11.4 ± 1.1 | p = 0.0746 |
Pulses per call [N] | 7.5 ± 0.1 | 6.8 ± 0.3 | 7.4 ± 0.4 | p = 0.0504 |
Pulse repetition rate per pulse group [N/s] | 183.5 ± 3.0 b | 178.0 ± 6.7 b | 145.8 ± 8.5 a | p = 0.0185 |
Dominant frequency [Hz] | 895 ± 10 a | 978 ± 21 b | 998 ± 27 b | p < 0.0001 |
Call Parameter | P. ridibundus | P. bedriagae | P. caralitanus | Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Call duration [ms] | 214 ± 12 a | 247 ± 5 b | 243 ± 3 b | p = 0.0040 |
Pulse groups per call [N] | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
Pulses per call [N] | 23.6 ± 1.3 b | 13.0 ± 0.5 a | 19.0 ± 0.3 b | p < 0.0001 |
Pulse repetition rate [N/s] | 120.0 ± 5.1 c | 52.7 ± 1.9 a | 82.7 ± 1.2 b | p < 0.0001 |
Dominant frequency [Hz] | 867 ± 32 a | 842 ± 12 a | 742 ± 2 b | p < 0.0001 |
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Sinsch, U.; Werding, S.; Kaya, U. Diversity of Water Frogs Pelophylax spp. in Turkey: Do Mating Vocalizations Mirror Nominal Taxon Delimitation? Animals 2023, 13, 1725. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13111725
Sinsch U, Werding S, Kaya U. Diversity of Water Frogs Pelophylax spp. in Turkey: Do Mating Vocalizations Mirror Nominal Taxon Delimitation? Animals. 2023; 13(11):1725. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13111725
Chicago/Turabian StyleSinsch, Ulrich, Stefan Werding, and Uğur Kaya. 2023. "Diversity of Water Frogs Pelophylax spp. in Turkey: Do Mating Vocalizations Mirror Nominal Taxon Delimitation?" Animals 13, no. 11: 1725. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13111725
APA StyleSinsch, U., Werding, S., & Kaya, U. (2023). Diversity of Water Frogs Pelophylax spp. in Turkey: Do Mating Vocalizations Mirror Nominal Taxon Delimitation? Animals, 13(11), 1725. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13111725