Morphological Correlates of Personality in Female Asian Particolored Bats (Vespertilio sinensis)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Bat Capture and Husbandry
2.2. Hole-Board Test
2.3. Aggression Test
2.4. Morphological Measurements
2.5. Personality Traits Analysis
- (1)
- Latency to enter: the amount of time it takes to enter the activity area from the preparation area.
- (2)
- Frequency of head dips: the number of times bats explored the hole.
- (3)
- Latency to head dip in holes (edge): the time it takes from entering the active area to exploring the edge hole for the first time.
- (4)
- Latency to head hip in holes (center): the time it takes from entering the activity area to exploring the central hole for the first time.
- (5)
- Locomotion: the proportion of time spent climbing and crawling in relation to the total duration of the experiment in the activity area.
- (6)
- Echolocation: the proportion of time spent echolocating in relation to the total duration of the experiment in the activity area.
- (7)
- Grooming: the proportion of time spent grooming in relation to the total duration of the experiment in the activity area.
- (8)
- Urination and defecation: the total number of urination and defecation events.
2.6. Statistical Analysis
2.7. Ethical Statements
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Personality
3.2. The Relationships Among Different Personalities
3.3. The Relationships Between Personality and Body Size
4. Discussion
4.1. Characteristics of Personalities
4.2. The Relationships Among Different Personalities
4.3. Effects of Body Size on Personalities
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Supplementary File 1Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Data Availability
References
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Variables | Components | ||
---|---|---|---|
PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | |
Latency to enter | −0.26 | 0.77 | 0.06 |
Frequency of head dips | −0.92 | −0.08 | −0.02 |
Latency to head dip in holes (edge) | 0.78 | 0.24 | 0.07 |
Latency to head dip in holes (center) | 0.77 | −012 | −0.05 |
Locomotion | −0.58 | −0.63 | −0.21 |
Echolocation | 0.35 | 0.72 | −0.21 |
Grooming | 0.31 | 0.03 | 0.82 |
Urination and defecation | −0.43 | −0.06 | 0.60 |
Standard deviance (% of total variance) | 0.36 | 0.20 | 0.14 |
Cumulative proportion of total variance | 0.36 | 0.56 | 0.70 |
Model | Predictive Variables | df | LogL | AICc | Δi | wi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | BM (+) | 4 | −69.398 | 147.6 | 0.00 | 0.461 |
2 | HBL (−), BM (+) | 5 | −68.739 | 148.6 | 1.14 | 0.261 |
3 | FAL (+), BM (+) | 5 | −69.354 | 150.0 | 2.37 | 0.141 |
4 | FAL (+), HBL (−), BM (+) | 6 | −68.673 | 151.2 | 3.57 | 0.078 |
5 | Intercept | 3 | −73.280 | 153.1 | 5.41 | 0.031 |
Estimate | SE | Adjusted SE | z | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Intercept) | −2.425 | 2.415 | 2.465 | 0.984 | (−7.263, 2.241) |
BM | 0.181 | 0.063 | 0.065 | 2.798 | (0.054, 0.308) |
HBL | −0.043 | 0.040 | 0.041 | 1.049 | (−0.124, 0.033) |
FAL | 0.025 | 0.069 | 0.071 | 0.351 | (−0.115, 0.159) |
Model | Predictive Variables | df | LogL | AICc | Δi | wi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | HBL (−), BM (+) | 6 | 34.472 | −54.0 | 0.00 | 0.303 |
2 | Intercept | 4 | 31.281 | −53.3 | 0.78 | 0.206 |
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Wang, Y.; Shi, B.; Zhao, X.; Feng, J.; Jiang, T. Morphological Correlates of Personality in Female Asian Particolored Bats (Vespertilio sinensis). Animals 2020, 10, 289. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020289
Wang Y, Shi B, Zhao X, Feng J, Jiang T. Morphological Correlates of Personality in Female Asian Particolored Bats (Vespertilio sinensis). Animals. 2020; 10(2):289. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020289
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yuze, Biye Shi, Xin Zhao, Jiang Feng, and Tinglei Jiang. 2020. "Morphological Correlates of Personality in Female Asian Particolored Bats (Vespertilio sinensis)" Animals 10, no. 2: 289. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020289
APA StyleWang, Y., Shi, B., Zhao, X., Feng, J., & Jiang, T. (2020). Morphological Correlates of Personality in Female Asian Particolored Bats (Vespertilio sinensis). Animals, 10(2), 289. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020289