Isolation, Identification, and Control of Pathogenic Endophytic Fungi in Nymphaea candida Presl Tissue Culture

Xing, Yuwei; Liu, Cong; Cui, Xumeng; Lv, Haonan; Wang, Jun

doi:10.3390/microorganisms13051103

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Isolation, Identification, and Control of Pathogenic Endophytic Fungi in Nymphaea candida Presl Tissue Culture

by

Yuwei Xing

^†,

Cong Liu

^†,

Xumeng Cui

,

Haonan Lv

and

Jun Wang

^*

Colleges of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Microorganisms 2025, 13(5), 1103; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051103 (registering DOI)

Submission received: 6 April 2025 / Revised: 1 May 2025 / Accepted: 8 May 2025 / Published: 10 May 2025

(This article belongs to the Section Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance)

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Abstract

Nymphaea candida Presl is a rare hardy water lily at risk of extinction and has been included on the ‘Red List’ of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. To protect germplasm resources and propagate N. candida seedlings, this study conducted tissue culture and found that pathogenic endophytic fungal infection was the main reason for failure of tissue culture. Compared with the stems and leaves, the roots of N. candida had the highest rates of fungal infection during tissue culture. Subsequently, three isolated endophytic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytopythium helicoides, and Alternaria sp., showed the highest frequency of occurrence in tissue culture. Furthermore, an antifungal formulation comprising 0.1 μg/mL pyrimidin suspension, 1 μg/mL mancozeb wettable powder, and 1 μg/mL carbendazim was constructed and could reduce the infection rates of root and stem tissues to 7.5% and 0%, respectively. Finally, the usefulness of this antifungal formulation for inhibition of endophytic fungi in tissue culture of N. candida was validated. This study not only provides important technical support for mass production of seedlings of N. candida, but also provides a scientific reference for the protection of endangered aquatic plant species.

Keywords: Nymphaea candida Presl; tissue culture; pathogenic endophytic fungi; microbial pollution prevention and control; endangered plant breeding

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MDPI and ACS Style

Xing, Y.; Liu, C.; Cui, X.; Lv, H.; Wang, J. Isolation, Identification, and Control of Pathogenic Endophytic Fungi in Nymphaea candida Presl Tissue Culture. Microorganisms 2025, 13, 1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051103

AMA Style

Xing Y, Liu C, Cui X, Lv H, Wang J. Isolation, Identification, and Control of Pathogenic Endophytic Fungi in Nymphaea candida Presl Tissue Culture. Microorganisms. 2025; 13(5):1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051103

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xing, Yuwei, Cong Liu, Xumeng Cui, Haonan Lv, and Jun Wang. 2025. "Isolation, Identification, and Control of Pathogenic Endophytic Fungi in Nymphaea candida Presl Tissue Culture" Microorganisms 13, no. 5: 1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051103

APA Style

Xing, Y., Liu, C., Cui, X., Lv, H., & Wang, J. (2025). Isolation, Identification, and Control of Pathogenic Endophytic Fungi in Nymphaea candida Presl Tissue Culture. Microorganisms, 13(5), 1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13051103

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Isolation, Identification, and Control of Pathogenic Endophytic Fungi in Nymphaea candida Presl Tissue Culture

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