Next Issue
Volume 13, November
Previous Issue
Volume 13, September
 
 

Soc. Sci., Volume 13, Issue 10 (October 2024) – 63 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): This article examines gender inequalities in international academic mobility. Using quantitative data from the German Humboldt Foundation, we ask how compositional or behavioral homophily causes gender-homophilous research collaborations, what factors influence homophily, and whether men or women tend more towards homophilous collaborations. We detected behavioral homophily in research collaborations, and our results show that men tended more towards gender-homophilous collaborations than women. The results on influencing factors are ambiguous and need further investigation. Our results suggest that gender inequalities in international academic mobility are linked to behavioral homophily and that exploring the role of host researchers is crucial to understanding—and overcoming—gender inequalities in international academic mobility. View this paper

  • Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list.
  • You may sign up for e-mail alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
  • PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.
Order results
Result details
Section
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
21 pages, 529 KiB  
Article
On the Strategies and Efficiency of Care and Support Systems for Elderly Across Cantons in Switzerland
by Yashka Huggenberger, Joël Wagner and Gabrielle Wanzenried
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 560; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100560 - 21 Oct 2024
Viewed by 432
Abstract
The Swiss Federal Council has formulated a policy requiring each canton to establish housing conducive to independent living during old age. Maintaining the independence of older adults at home rather than transitioning to more expensive institutional care has gained traction. This study investigates [...] Read more.
The Swiss Federal Council has formulated a policy requiring each canton to establish housing conducive to independent living during old age. Maintaining the independence of older adults at home rather than transitioning to more expensive institutional care has gained traction. This study investigates the heterogeneity of strategies arising from the autonomy granted to each canton. Using mandatory statistics from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office for 2020 on 1550 institutions for the elderly and 2546 at-home care providers, we rank the 26 cantons by permanent and temporary care and support, distinguishing between at-home and institutional care. We use univariate regressions to explain differences and perform efficiency analyses of the respective systems. We find that the French- and Italian-speaking cantons prioritise at-home care, while the German-speaking regions rely more on institutional care. The analyses reveal an inefficient stationary approach in German-speaking cantons, which often places elderly individuals with minimal care needs in institutions. Conversely, with an ambulatory approach favouring independence, cantons like Vaud and Valais prioritize counselling and at-home services, deferring entry into institutions and allowing for short convalescence stays. Our findings are relevant for governmental infrastructure planning and the property owners, investors, and property managers involved in senior housing decisions. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 7375 KiB  
Article
The Internal Socio-Economic Polarization of Urban Neighborhoods: The Case of the Municipality of Nice
by Argyro Gripsiou
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 559; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100559 - 19 Oct 2024
Viewed by 653
Abstract
In continuity with the research on social segregation and the phenomenon of urban gentrification, this article examines the cohabitation patterns of populations with diametrically opposed incomes within the same neighborhood, typically observed in the city center. This phenomenon is defined here as internal [...] Read more.
In continuity with the research on social segregation and the phenomenon of urban gentrification, this article examines the cohabitation patterns of populations with diametrically opposed incomes within the same neighborhood, typically observed in the city center. This phenomenon is defined here as internal socio-economic polarization. It is measured through the combination of two original indexes (poverty and wealth indexes) constructed based on income deciles per consumption unit for the year of 2017. The analysis focuses on the municipality of Nice, characterized by a low demographic dynamic, a relative concentration of seniors, and a strong tourist attractiveness, particularly in the highly polarized neighborhoods that occupy almost the entire city center. This study is complemented by a principal component analysis summarizing the characteristics of the population and housing stock in the neighborhoods of Nice. The main objective of this research is to identify and locate polarized neighborhoods within the urban context of Nice, to analyze the distinctive traits of their population and housing stock, and, finally, to highlight potential trends in the population’s socio-economic status. Moreover, the economic trajectories of polarized neighborhoods, in connection with their population and housing characteristics (such as the secondary use of a portion of the housing stock, often low-quality old buildings, social housing, and the overrepresentation of retirees), help explain the forms of socio-economic polarization observed in these neighborhoods (such as the indications of gentrification, unfinished gentrification, and sustainable cohabitation). Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 539 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Extremes: The Impact of Radical Right-Wing Populism on Conspiracy Beliefs in Austria
by Diana Lucia Hofmann
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 558; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100558 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 651
Abstract
(1) Background: Populist radical right-wing parties and politicians have used conspiracy theories to perpetuate the antagonism between an evil elite conspiring against the good and unknowing people. Yet, less is known about whether and to what extent radical right-wing populism at the individual [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Populist radical right-wing parties and politicians have used conspiracy theories to perpetuate the antagonism between an evil elite conspiring against the good and unknowing people. Yet, less is known about whether and to what extent radical right-wing populism at the individual level is associated with different conspiracy beliefs. This analysis explores how the main components of radical right-wing populism—populist, nativist, and authoritarian attitudes—relate to both a general conspiracy mentality and specific conspiracy theories prevalent in political discourse. (2) Methods: Using data from an original 2023 online survey conducted in Austria, a stronghold of the populist radical right, this study includes new questions on immigration, COVID-19, and climate change, as well as a conspiracy mentality scale. (3) Results: The analyses reveal that all the main components are positively associated with different conspiracy beliefs, albeit to varying degrees. Across models, the strongest predictor is populism, followed by nativism and authoritarianism. Nativism varies the most across different conspiracy beliefs and is particularly associated with the belief in conspiracy theories related to immigration and climate change. (4) Conclusions: The results highlight the prevalence of radical right-wing populist attitudes across various conspiracy beliefs, reflecting how populist radical right-wing actors leverage conspiracy theories in their political discourse. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 492 KiB  
Article
Spanish Healthcare Institutions and Their Role in Social Media-Driven Influenza Vaccination Campaigns: A Comprehensive Analysis of X
by Pedro Jesús Jiménez-Hidalgo, Carlos Ruiz-Núñez, Beatriz Jiménez-Gómez, Sergio Segado-Fernández, Carlos Santiago Romero-Magdalena, Fidel López-Espuela and Ivan Herrera-Peco
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 557; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100557 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 542
Abstract
Social media plays a crucial role in health information dissemination, yet it also raises concerns about misinformation. This study examines the role of Spanish health centers in promoting influenza vaccination on social networks, particularly X (formerly Twitter), during the 2023–2024 campaign. An observational, [...] Read more.
Social media plays a crucial role in health information dissemination, yet it also raises concerns about misinformation. This study examines the role of Spanish health centers in promoting influenza vaccination on social networks, particularly X (formerly Twitter), during the 2023–2024 campaign. An observational, retrospective study analyzed the activity of 832 Spanish health centers on X. Data collection focused on the existence of official accounts, follower engagement and the nature of messages posted. Metrics were obtained using X Analytics, and statistical analysis was performed using JAMOVI v2.4 software. Of the 832 centers, 607 had readable X accounts. Collective accounts were more prevalent (351) than individual ones (239). Collective accounts had significantly more followers and posts but showed less engagement compared to individual accounts. The most followed accounts belonged to public entities, like the Community of Madrid and private organizations, such as Sanitas. An analysis of the vaccination campaign revealed that most posts had a political focus with limited health information, resulting in minimal interaction with the public. As a conclusion, the study highlights the fragmented nature of health communication through social networks in Spain. Despite the higher visibility of collective accounts, their engagement with the public is low, often due to the political nature of posts. A unified national strategy is essential for enhancing public health communication, focusing on interactive and relevant content. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 2484 KiB  
Article
The Labour Market for Immigrants: Evidence from Data
by Leila Simona Talani
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 556; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100556 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 425
Abstract
This article verifies how regular migrants are inserted into the labour markets of receiving countries. The analysis will be made with reference to the position of neo-classical economists relating to the insertion of immigrants in the labour markets of host countries. Reference will [...] Read more.
This article verifies how regular migrants are inserted into the labour markets of receiving countries. The analysis will be made with reference to the position of neo-classical economists relating to the insertion of immigrants in the labour markets of host countries. Reference will also be made to existing data on the dynamics of the integration of authorized migrants in the labour force of OECD and EU countries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Globalization and International Migration to the EU)
Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 4992 KiB  
Article
Shifting Power in Practice: Implementing Relational Research and Evaluation in Conservation Science
by Tamara J. Layden, Sofía Fernández, Mynor Sandoval-Lemus, Kelsey J. Sonius, Dominique David-Chavez and Sara P. Bombaci
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 555; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100555 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 727
Abstract
Elevating Indigenous leadership in conservation science is critical for social and ecological wellbeing. However, Indigenous knowledges are frequently undermined by persistent colonial research standards. In response, calls to implement ethical guidelines that advance Indigenous research and data governance are mounting. Despite this growing [...] Read more.
Elevating Indigenous leadership in conservation science is critical for social and ecological wellbeing. However, Indigenous knowledges are frequently undermined by persistent colonial research standards. In response, calls to implement ethical guidelines that advance Indigenous research and data governance are mounting. Despite this growing movement, most environmental studies continue to follow largely colonial, extractive models, presenting a widening gap between ethical guidelines and practical applications across diverse research contexts. To address this gap, our study aims to design and evaluate a wildlife conservation research project based on the Relational Science Model, which outlines guidance for improving research relations with Indigenous Peoples. To achieve this aim, we conducted a post-survey to evaluate the project from the perspectives of the intended beneficiaries of La Bendición in southwestern Guatemala, accompanied by researcher reflections and observations. The results revealed strong agreement between community research partner experience and Relational Science Model outcomes, including relevant and innovative knowledge generation, alongside improved trust in research collaborations. Respondents also outlined several areas of improvement, including a desire for more diverse community engagement, particularly regarding youth. Overall, this study outlines pathways and recommendations for researchers, institutions, and agencies to improve relational accountability in conservation science practice, supporting Indigenous conservation governance and environmental justice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Community-Engaged Research for Environmental Justice)
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 255 KiB  
Article
Global African Thought and Movements: Reflections on Pan-Africanism and Diasporic Discourses
by Felix Kumah-Abiwu
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 554; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100554 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 605
Abstract
The emergence of African diasporic communities in the Americas, especially in the United States, is one of the legacies of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, which brought millions of enslaved Africans from their ancestral homeland in Africa to the so-called New World. For many [...] Read more.
The emergence of African diasporic communities in the Americas, especially in the United States, is one of the legacies of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, which brought millions of enslaved Africans from their ancestral homeland in Africa to the so-called New World. For many scholars, the African diaspora is not only one of the largest diaspora communities in human history, but there have also been shared efforts, on the part of Africans in Africa and those in the diaspora, to reconnect through Pan-African ideas and movements for several decades. To better understand the ongoing desire to strengthen the connection between Africa and its diasporic communities in the Americas, especially on the changing trends of the discourse on global African political thought and movements, this article draws on African-centered conceptual ideas with emphasis on African ethos and cultural commonalities for the discussion. The article underscores the central argument that the nature and trends of global African thought and movements appear to be consistent with the common or shared African cultural commonalities idea in Africa and the African diaspora. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Contemporary Politics and Society)
13 pages, 328 KiB  
Article
Hope, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Resilience in the Criminal Justice System: Reevaluation of Relationships in the Turkish Context
by Burcu Ozturk, Kenan Sualp, Bercem Barut-Bektas and David Axlyn McLeod
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100553 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 503
Abstract
According to data from 2021, Turkey has the highest incarceration rate among European countries. The probation system in Turkey is managed by the government and includes programs, resources, and services to help prevent individuals from engaging in criminal activities. Hope is a crucial [...] Read more.
According to data from 2021, Turkey has the highest incarceration rate among European countries. The probation system in Turkey is managed by the government and includes programs, resources, and services to help prevent individuals from engaging in criminal activities. Hope is a crucial factor in coping with adversity, and studies have shown resilience can be the protector of those involved in the criminal justice system. Additionally, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have a significant impact on future victimization and criminal behavior, as individuals with higher ACE scores are more likely to engage in criminal activities. This study was conducted among 107 individuals who were under probation in Turkey to examine the relationship between hope, resilience, and ACEs. The scores were analyzed using a regression model, and the results showed that ACEs did not notably moderate the relationship between hope and resilience. Additionally, having higher levels of hope or ACEs did not play a significant role in predicting the resilience of the individual, which contradicts the previous literature. The implications of these findings will be discussed in terms of cultural differences and the criminal justice system. Future studies should explore the impact of culture on the relationship between hope and resilience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring the Systemic Causes of Adverse Childhood Experiences)
15 pages, 339 KiB  
Article
The Being and the Ought to Be of Citizenship in European Social Innovation Discourse
by Alba Talón Villacañas
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100552 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 513
Abstract
Social Innovation is defined as both a concept and a tool for social change that, in recent decades, has formed the backbone of numerous policies implemented by the European Commission. However, part of the academic literature identifies several limitations in the discursive potentialities [...] Read more.
Social Innovation is defined as both a concept and a tool for social change that, in recent decades, has formed the backbone of numerous policies implemented by the European Commission. However, part of the academic literature identifies several limitations in the discursive potentialities presented within the institutional framework. Accordingly, the aim of this article is to examine how European social policies on Social Innovation conceptualise the ‘being’ and ‘ought to be’ of citizenship, or the subject, from a critical Foucauldian perspective, with a view to problematising its implications for the analysis of the social reality represented in these policies. To this end, a qualitative strategy employing discourse analysis and the ‘logics of critical explanation’ approach is utilised, analysing 26 institutional documents from the European Commission issued between 2010 and 2024. The findings indicate that this discursive institutional framework construes citizenship as embodying a rational, active, capable, and conscious subject, committed to solving social problems. This conception of the ‘being’ of a citizen implies a significant transformation in the ‘ought to be’ of that citizen. If citizens are deemed capable of understanding and transforming their environment, they are thereby responsible for ensuring their own well-being and equipping themselves with the necessary skills to adapt to economic change, transforming them into “neoliberal subjects” within a Foucauldian framework. This new normativity appears to naturalise the functioning of social and economic structures and their dynamics, resulting in an undialectical analysis of social realities. Full article
17 pages, 596 KiB  
Article
Childhood Adversity and Life Satisfaction in Adults with Alternative Care Experience in 12 Low- and Middle-Income Nations: The Mediating Roles of Individual and Relational Protective Factors and Resilience
by Nicole Gilbertson Wilke, Megan Roberts, Lindsey Newsom, Tony Mitchell and Amanda Hiles Howard
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 551; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100551 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1006
Abstract
Adults with care experience have elevated rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and a greater likelihood of poor outcomes. Some research has examined how protective factors and resilience impact outcomes among care leavers, but few studies include those from low- and middle-income countries [...] Read more.
Adults with care experience have elevated rates of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and a greater likelihood of poor outcomes. Some research has examined how protective factors and resilience impact outcomes among care leavers, but few studies include those from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Further, little work has examined the interactive impact of protective factors and resilience in this population. We investigated (a) the prevalence of ACEs among care leavers from LMICs, the mediating roles of (b) resilience and (c) individual and relational protective factors on the relationship between ACEs and life satisfaction, and (d) whether mediation was occurring both in parallel and sequentially. Five hundred forty-two care leavers from twelve LMICs completed an online survey. Participants completed the Brief Resilience Scale, ACEs Questionnaire, and open-ended questions regarding care experiences. Open-ended questions were coded for protective factors. There was a high prevalence of ACEs among care leavers. The relationship between ACEs and life satisfaction was partially mediated by resilience. Individual and relational protective factors partially mediated the relationship between ACEs and life satisfaction. Finally, resilience and protective factors partially mediated the relationship between ACEs and life satisfaction in both parallel and sequential mediation among care leavers from LMICs. Protective factors operate interactively to influence resilience, increasing life satisfaction among care leavers from LMICs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Childhood and Youth Studies)
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 264 KiB  
Article
Disparities in Tobacco Smoking by Sex and Employment Status: Results from South Africa’s First Global Adult Tobacco Survey
by Catherine O. Egbe, Portia Nevhungoni and Mukhethwa Londani
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 550; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100550 - 15 Oct 2024
Viewed by 535
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Tobacco smoking is a cause of premature death and illness globally. This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with tobacco smoking among South African adults according to sex, education, and employment status among socio-demographic subgroups. Methods: Data were obtained from the [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Tobacco smoking is a cause of premature death and illness globally. This study examined the prevalence and factors associated with tobacco smoking among South African adults according to sex, education, and employment status among socio-demographic subgroups. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2021 South African Global Adult Tobacco Survey (a nationally representative household survey using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling design). The 6311 participants were aged 15+ years. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to investigate relationships between current smoking and socio-demographic variables. Results: Smoking prevalence was 25.8% (n = 1573) (41.2% among men, 11.5% among women; 29.9% among working individuals, 23.1% among non-working individuals). The multiple logistic regression results showed that males aged 45–64 were twice as likely to be currently smoking than males aged 15–24. Coloured (of mixed race) males were twice as likely to smoke as Black African males. Males with secondary/post-secondary education were less likely to smoke compared to males with no education. Coloured females were seven times and White females were almost five times more likely to smoke than Black African females. Females with post-secondary education were less likely to smoke than those with no formal education. Females earning an income were more likely to smoke compared to those with no income. Non-working participants aged 25–44 and 45–64 were more likely to smoke compared to those aged 15–24 years. Working and non-working Coloured and working White individuals were three times more likely to smoke than working or non-working Black Africans. Conclusion: Groups with higher identified smoking prevalence may indicate where smoking cessation interventions should be targeted to reduce national smoking prevalence. Full article
19 pages, 332 KiB  
Article
Gender-Based Homophily in International Research Collaborations
by Andrea Löther and Frederike Freund
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 549; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100549 - 15 Oct 2024
Viewed by 468
Abstract
Women researchers in postdoc career stages still do not participate to the same extent in international academic mobility as men do. As a novel approach to better understand gender inequalities in international academic mobility, we investigate the structure of research collaborations and bring [...] Read more.
Women researchers in postdoc career stages still do not participate to the same extent in international academic mobility as men do. As a novel approach to better understand gender inequalities in international academic mobility, we investigate the structure of research collaborations and bring into focus the host researchers. Our central theoretical tool is the distinction between compositional and behavioral homophily. Using quantitative data from two German Humboldt Foundation programs sponsoring collaborations between international researchers and academic hosts in Germany, we ask (a) to what extent are gender-homophilous research collaborations caused by compositional or behavioral homophily; (b) what factors influence gender-based homophily; and (c) whether men or women tend more towards gender-homophilous collaborations. We detected behavioral homophily in research collaborations mainly when taking the potential pool of eligible women researchers as the reference group. The results on influencing factors are ambiguous and need further investigation. Furthermore, our results show that men tended more towards gender-homophilous collaborations than women. Our results suggest that gender inequalities in international academic mobility are linked to behavioral homophily and that exploring the role of host researchers is crucial to understanding—and overcoming—the under-representation of women in international academic mobility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gender Studies)
12 pages, 514 KiB  
Review
The Participation of Children and Young People in the Child Protection System: A Systematic Review
by Maria João Costa and Ana Isabel Sani
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100548 - 15 Oct 2024
Viewed by 540
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to investigate children’s experiences regarding their involvement in the justice system and explore the different facets of their participation, the mechanisms and practices applied, and criticisms and improvements to the justice system. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study aims to investigate children’s experiences regarding their involvement in the justice system and explore the different facets of their participation, the mechanisms and practices applied, and criticisms and improvements to the justice system. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted through consultation with EBSCO, Web of Science, Pubmed, and PsycArticles. Five articles were included to understand the perspectives of professionals, children, and young people regarding their participation in the justice system. Results: The children and young people involved in the justice system have negative experiences with its professionals, who doubt their ability to understand, devaluing their opinions. The children give up expressing their experiences, reducing participation and creating barriers with professionals. The children say that greater encouragement from judges reduces stress and makes the process more comfortable, increasing their participation. The professionals reveal that the mechanisms used in the system reinforced this lack of participation, despite its initial objective of integrating and including children and young people in the justice system. In general, the child’s legal guardians are better informed about their rights and procedures and have a greater opportunity to give their opinions than children and young people. Conclusions: Despite the advancement and improvement in procedures and mechanisms used to ensure children’s participation, they still have negative experiences about the system itself and the professionals, which reduces their participation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Childhood and Youth Studies)
Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2010 KiB  
Article
Youth Photographed: Methodologies for Visual Analysis
by Marcela Saa-Espinoza and Oscar Aguilera-Ruiz
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100547 - 15 Oct 2024
Viewed by 584
Abstract
In this article, we propose a methodological reflection based on the work with photographs of youth published in print media in Chile during the 20th century. We use our proposal for qualitative analysis, which includes intentional work with visual culture, the creation of [...] Read more.
In this article, we propose a methodological reflection based on the work with photographs of youth published in print media in Chile during the 20th century. We use our proposal for qualitative analysis, which includes intentional work with visual culture, the creation of our own archives, and the development of tools for individual and group analysis of photographs. We propose two specific strategies for the analysis of photographs: the first is “layered analysis”, and the second is “group or panel analysis”, which allows for linking images, culture, and youth. We trust that this methodological reflection will contribute to the study of youth and stimulate debate in the field of study itself. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Researching Youth on the Move: Methods, Ethics and Emotions)
Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1601 KiB  
Article
Looking Back When Moving Forward: Researching Sites of Former Disability Institutions
by Jack Kelly, Leigh Creighton, Phillippa Carnemolla and Linda Steele
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 546; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100546 - 15 Oct 2024
Viewed by 485
Abstract
This article discusses an inclusive research program where colleagues and co-researchers (with intellectual disability) guide and inform future research practice to ensure research is targeted to areas of significance and relevance to them. The research program is about sites of former disability institutions. [...] Read more.
This article discusses an inclusive research program where colleagues and co-researchers (with intellectual disability) guide and inform future research practice to ensure research is targeted to areas of significance and relevance to them. The research program is about sites of former disability institutions. Many people with intellectual disability in Australia were segregated and forced to live in disability institutions until deinstitutionalisation efforts became mainstream in the late 20th Century. We are a team of four people based in New South Wales, Australia. Our team includes disability advocates and researchers who have contributed to a program of research exploring connections between sites of former disability institutions and contemporary disability rights. In this article, we reflect on conversations about our research undertaken so far and where the research goes from here. We explore five pillars of action informing how research relating to disability institutions can progress: 1. Current use: research exploring erasure of experiences of institutionalisation communicated through educational resources and maps about current use of sites of former disability institutions; 2. Reparative planning processes: research developing frameworks for alternative approaches to planning and heritage processes supporting alternative uses of former sites of disability institutions; 3. Official recognition and redress: research exploring perspectives on governments formally recognising and remedying experiences of people with disability who were institutionalised; 4. Community-led repair and remembrance: research identifying practices for both celebrating advocates with disability and reckoning with and repairing familial and social bonds broken through institutionalisation; 5. Community-inclusive practices: research exploring endurance of institutional practices in disability accommodation in community settings. These five pillars are underpinned by three foundational layers: advancing disability human rights; reckoning with intersections between disability institutions and settler colonialism, other dynamics of oppression, and eugenics; and using inclusive practices. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 495 KiB  
Article
Social Representations of the War in Italy during the Russia/Ukraine Conflict
by Giannino Melotti, Paola Villano and Monica Pivetti
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 545; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100545 - 15 Oct 2024
Viewed by 686
Abstract
Social representations of the war, anchored in historical experience and cultural values, play a motivational role in justifying collective behavior. Following Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, the research delves into the meanings associated with war through a social representation approach. Employing Doise’s sociodynamic [...] Read more.
Social representations of the war, anchored in historical experience and cultural values, play a motivational role in justifying collective behavior. Following Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, the research delves into the meanings associated with war through a social representation approach. Employing Doise’s sociodynamic approach, researchers identify the semantic field linked with war and analyze its organizing principles, revealing the variability of representations. In total, 313 Italian participants (female = 241, 75.4%; age range = 18–74) completed a questionnaire featuring a free association task with the word “war”, providing demographic and political and religious orientation data. Lexical correspondence analysis, utilizing Spad-t software, highlights three polarized themes: the emotional dimension aroused by war, media-conveyed imagery, and the underlying causes of conflict. The social anchoring analysis projects variables such as gender and political orientation onto a factorial plane. Finally, cluster analysis dissects psychological anchoring, identifying four distinct groups characterized by their descriptions of war: effects, reasons, emotions, and images. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 1106 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Relationship between Decision-Making Styles and Emotion Regulation: A Study of Police Officials in Portuguese Public Security
by Carla Carvalho, Ana Pinto, Beatriz Pinedo, Soraia Oliveira, Sonia Maria Guedes Gondim, Mary Sandra Carlotto and Rui Coelho de Moura
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 544; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100544 - 14 Oct 2024
Viewed by 973
Abstract
In public security policing, where pressure is constant, effective decision-making and emotion regulation are critical, especially for leaders. These processes significantly impact upon work results, performance, officials’ health, employee well-being, and the organizational environment. This study aims to broaden the understanding of decision-making [...] Read more.
In public security policing, where pressure is constant, effective decision-making and emotion regulation are critical, especially for leaders. These processes significantly impact upon work results, performance, officials’ health, employee well-being, and the organizational environment. This study aims to broaden the understanding of decision-making styles and emotion-regulation strategies used by police officials in the Portuguese Public Security Police (PSP). We surveyed 138 Portuguese high-ranking police officials using two self-response questionnaires, namely the Emotion Regulation in the Workplace (ReTrab) and the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire (MDMQ), both translated, adapted, and validated for the Portuguese police context. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted, followed by correlations to explore the relationship between emotion-regulation strategies and decision-making styles. Finally, through a regression analysis, the potential impact of this relationship was assessed. The results reveal that specific emotion-regulation strategies, except for adaptive ones, significantly influence and modify the decision-making styles of PSP officials. Dysfunctional and maladaptive emotion-regulation strategies lead to less adaptive decision-making styles, while functional strategies promote more adaptive styles. These findings have theoretical and practical implications, offering valuable insights for targeted training programs and interventions in the law-enforcement sector, benefiting the police personnel, the communities they serve, and public perceptions about police. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 338 KiB  
Article
What Are Sporty Sisters Talking About? A Textual Analysis of an All-Female Athlete Reality Show
by Yunjung Kim
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 543; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100543 - 13 Oct 2024
Viewed by 641
Abstract
This study explores the representation of female athletes cast in a South Korean reality show titled Sporty Sisters (Korean title: Nonun Unni). Though there have been attempts to understand the media representation of female athletes from diverse media landscapes, the analysis of [...] Read more.
This study explores the representation of female athletes cast in a South Korean reality show titled Sporty Sisters (Korean title: Nonun Unni). Though there have been attempts to understand the media representation of female athletes from diverse media landscapes, the analysis of Asian female athletes is limited. Such interpretations have been discussed through geopolitical relations or nationalistic representations, which lack in-depth understanding and exploration of Asian athletes. Therefore, this paper expands the narrative by analyzing the first season (54 episodes) of Sporty Sisters. It is observed that professional athletes who transition to the entertainment industry are identified as “spor-tainers” and implicitly follow norms and rules applied to public figures. In this reality show, female athletes express their opinions on marriage, menstruation, pregnancy, and domestic roles while displaying characteristics of a girl crush, manifesting a variety of the female attributes of sportswomen. Despite the social expectations to fulfill their roles as sports celebrities and Korean women, Sporty Sisters is an outlet for female athletes to an extent to freely expose and describe their experiences as athletes and individuals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sport, Gender and Stereotypes)
11 pages, 707 KiB  
Article
Communicating Social Cohesion in Forced Displacement: A Framework for Protracted Situations of Encampment
by Valentina Baú
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100542 - 12 Oct 2024
Viewed by 538
Abstract
This paper addresses the role that communication and media interventions can play in fostering social cohesion among displaced populations in camp settings through a review of both practical and theoretical notions in this area. The multiple definitions available in the literature on social [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the role that communication and media interventions can play in fostering social cohesion among displaced populations in camp settings through a review of both practical and theoretical notions in this area. The multiple definitions available in the literature on social cohesion do not come to a consensus on what this concept means. Yet, despite this lack of substance, reflecting on social cohesion in contexts of displacement has been a prevalent topic. Horizontal social cohesion, which is critical in protracted situations of encampment, is defined by UNHCR as the bond that ‘hold(s) people together within a community’. While a number of studies have focused on the social connection between host and displaced people, scarce attention has been paid to the dynamics and social fractures among displaced communities themselves. Yet, tensions both within and between groups of displaced people may be equally, if not more important to social cohesion than relationships with other groups. In order to begin to address this gap, a communication-based framework for humanitarian and development work on social cohesion in refugee camps is presented. Ultimately, the aim of this article is to offer a starting point for humanitarian agencies working in refugee camps to articulate the adoption of a communication-driven approach in their social cohesion programming. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 268 KiB  
Article
Dating Applications versus Meeting Face-to-Face: What Is Better for Romantic Relationship Quality?
by Mickey Langlais, Lyra Toohey and Arielle Podberesky
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 541; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100541 - 12 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1618
Abstract
The use of dating applications has increased over time, as recent data illustrate that meeting online is one of the most popular ways for couples to meet in the United States. Yet, the perceptions of using dating applications and how the applications were [...] Read more.
The use of dating applications has increased over time, as recent data illustrate that meeting online is one of the most popular ways for couples to meet in the United States. Yet, the perceptions of using dating applications and how the applications were developed may hinder the quality of relationships that form using dating applications. The goal of this study is to examine the difference in relationship quality based on whether a relationship is initiated in person or using a dating application. Data for this study come from 233 college students who completed an online survey. Of the coupled participants (n = 120), 34 met their current partner through a dating application, and of the participants who had previous dating experience (n = 169), 29 met their last partner on a dating application. Conducting independent-samples t-tests, the means of relationship quality were not significantly different for those who met their current or former partner online compared to in person. Although previously stigmatized, the results of this study illustrate that forming relationships on dating applications may be similar in quality to those that are formed in person. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Family Studies)
18 pages, 283 KiB  
Article
“Someone Who Is Going to Preserve Your Surname and Clan Name”: A Sesotho Cultural Perspective on Male Partner Involvement in Maternal and Newborn Care in the Free State, South Africa
by Ngwi N. T. Mulu and Michelle Engelbrecht
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 540; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100540 - 12 Oct 2024
Viewed by 640
Abstract
In the global public health discourse, involving men in maternal and neonatal health is regarded as crucial for positive outcomes in both health and development. In South Africa, health interventions designed to promote male partner involvement among low-income indigenous populations have been framed [...] Read more.
In the global public health discourse, involving men in maternal and neonatal health is regarded as crucial for positive outcomes in both health and development. In South Africa, health interventions designed to promote male partner involvement among low-income indigenous populations have been framed within social constructivist notions of masculinities and have produced mixed outcomes. This has necessitated calls to explore alternative approaches, including the need to decolonise men and masculinities studies in Africa. As part of one phase of formative research for a mixed-method project aimed at adapting a male involvement intervention for the context of Sesotho-speaking men and women in the Free State, we applied a multi-site case study research design and collected qualitative data using focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Verbatim-recorded transcripts were translated, transcribed, and thematically analysed with NVIVO 14. The results indicate that customary practices in pregnancy, delivery, and newborn care are not static and vary between families based on belief systems, socioeconomic status, geographical setting (peri-urban/rural), and kinship networks of care. Therefore, these practices and beliefs should be understood, affirmed, and contested within the complex African-centred material and immaterial worldviews on personhood in which they were generated, transmitted, rejected, or adopted. It is recommended that a decolonised approach to male partner involvement in this context must be cognisant of the intersections of racial and gendered power relations, contestations in beliefs and practices, the resilient effect of colonialism on indigenous gender systems, as well as contemporary global entanglements that inform North–South power relations on the best practices in maternal and newborn health in the public health sector in South Africa. Full article
12 pages, 240 KiB  
Article
A Return to Black Codes: How the Dobbs Decision Debilitated the 14th Amendment
by Timothy Elijah Lewis
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 539; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100539 - 11 Oct 2024
Viewed by 520
Abstract
Substantive due process, drawn from the 14th Amendment, has been a consistent judicial doctrine for establishing and protecting the rights and liberties of Black citizens in the face of systemic racism. This prompts a question for political consideration and investigation: if the 14th [...] Read more.
Substantive due process, drawn from the 14th Amendment, has been a consistent judicial doctrine for establishing and protecting the rights and liberties of Black citizens in the face of systemic racism. This prompts a question for political consideration and investigation: if the 14th Amendment is a constitutional equilibrium for rights Black citizens would otherwise not enjoy, could the rescission of a right decided and sustained by the 14th Amendment that is not racially explicit have negative racial implications for Black Americans? This study answers this question through an atheoretical case study on the ruling in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, which overturned Roe v. Wade. This study finds that the ruling in Dobbs weakened the 14th Amendment by allowing parameters to be placed on substantive due process. Though the question before the Court was the constitutionality of Mississippi’s abortion law, the implications of weakening the 14th Amendment are that it allows for the legal and cultural revitalization of Black exclusion that existed under the Black Codes, which has already come to fruition in Students for Fair Admissions, Inc. v. President and Fellows of Harvard College and the end of affirmative action. Full article
11 pages, 286 KiB  
Article
The Relationship of Ambivalence towards Lecturers with University Students’ Psychological Distress and Mental Health
by Raphael M. Herr, Wendy C. Birmingham, Veronika M. Deyerl and Katharina Diehl
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 538; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100538 - 11 Oct 2024
Viewed by 572
Abstract
Social interactions that are simultaneously characterized by positive and negative aspects—i.e., ambivalent relationships—have been found to be related to distress and poor mental health. As the university setting is also characterized by several social interactions, this study aimed to investigate for the first [...] Read more.
Social interactions that are simultaneously characterized by positive and negative aspects—i.e., ambivalent relationships—have been found to be related to distress and poor mental health. As the university setting is also characterized by several social interactions, this study aimed to investigate for the first time to what extent objective and subjective ambivalence towards lecturers or instructors are linked to university students’ distress levels and mental health indicators. A notable relationship of ambivalence with the outcomes was found in 1105 students from Germany. The association with psychological distress was more pronounced for objective than for subjective ambivalence (adjusted betas = 0.342 vs. 0.261, p-values < 0.001), while both also had an independent association. The association with mental health was comparable for both types (adjusted beta = −0.206 vs. −0.191, p-values < 0.001). For paradoxical emotions, the relationship with objective ambivalence was stronger, and only this remained significant in the mutually adjusted model (adjusted beta = 0.376, p-value < 0.001). This study provided evidence of a previously unconsidered stressor at the university—ambivalence towards lecturers—associated with negative health effects among students. Future studies are needed to establish this connection and to create the basis for preventative measures. Full article
20 pages, 2677 KiB  
Article
On the Periphery of the European Social Sciences—A Scientometric Analysis of Publication Performance, Excellence, and Internal Bias in Social Sciences in the Visegrad Countries
by Péter Sasvári and Gergely Ferenc Lendvai
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 537; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100537 - 11 Oct 2024
Viewed by 651
Abstract
This study examines the publication performance of the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia across 24 social science disciplines indexed by Scopus from 2019 to 2023. Using data from Scopus, SciVal, and Scimago, we analyzed regional journal statuses, disciplinary backlogs, journal biases, and [...] Read more.
This study examines the publication performance of the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia across 24 social science disciplines indexed by Scopus from 2019 to 2023. Using data from Scopus, SciVal, and Scimago, we analyzed regional journal statuses, disciplinary backlogs, journal biases, and publication excellence. Our results show that Poland and the Czech Republic lead in journal and publication counts, whereas Hungary and Slovakia lag behind significantly. Four disciplines—e-learning, human factors and ergonomics, life-span and life-course studies, and social work—had minimal or no publications, highlighting their marginalization. We found a high internal bias in publication practices, notably in Poland and Hungary, which raises concerns considering the Norwegian list standards. While Poland and the Czech Republic show a higher proportion of excellent publications, the overall number of high-quality articles remains low, and publications by the Big Five publishers are exceedingly limited. This analysis underscores the need for strategic policy interventions to enhance research quality and international collaboration to improve the scientific standing of the Visegrad countries. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1285 KiB  
Article
Blood Donation during Times of Crises: The Mediating Role of Meaning in Life for Undergraduate Medical Students
by Iuliana-Raluca Gheorghe, Ovidiu Popa-Velea, Consuela-Mădălina Gheorghe and Liliana Veronica Diaconescu
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100536 - 9 Oct 2024
Viewed by 564
Abstract
Blood donation is a prosocial act driven by mechanisms related to altruism. While altruism plays a significant role, the processes behind blood donation behavior are complex, with altruism being just one factor. This research aimed to investigate the influence of altruism and meaning [...] Read more.
Blood donation is a prosocial act driven by mechanisms related to altruism. While altruism plays a significant role, the processes behind blood donation behavior are complex, with altruism being just one factor. This research aimed to investigate the influence of altruism and meaning in life on the willingness to donate blood among Romanian undergraduate medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 319 Romanian undergraduate medical students. Structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for statistical analysis. Our findings reveal that altruism did not significantly impact the willingness to donate blood directly; however, this relationship was mediated by meaning in life. In practice, blood donation could be increased through a more substantial connection between altruism and a sense of meaning in life, especially during health crises. Utilizing social marketing campaign messages that actively encourage altruism and connect it to a sense of meaning in life may increase blood donor recruitment and retention among undergraduate medical students. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

6 pages, 157 KiB  
Editorial
Editorial for the Special Edition—Contemporary Local Governance, Wellbeing, and Sustainability: Integrating Digital Innovations and Societal Trust for Future Resilience
by Pedro Miguel Alves Ribeiro Correia
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 535; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100535 - 9 Oct 2024
Viewed by 754
Abstract
In the evolving landscape of local governance, the intersection of digital technology, citizen engagement, and sustainability presents unique opportunities and challenges [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contemporary Local Governance, Wellbeing and Sustainability)
16 pages, 277 KiB  
Article
“We Realized That Institutions Are Not Prepared”: Strategies and Challenges in the Filiation Processes of Lesbian-Parent Families in Chile
by Rodolfo Morrison, Maite Alvarez Navarro, Javiera Arias Riquelme, Betsabe Barrios Fuentes, Anays Hernandez Gavilan, Rocio Queupuan Donoso, Daniel Lagos-Ceron and Cleber Tiago Cirineu
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 534; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100534 - 7 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1050
Abstract
This study examines the experiences of lesbian-parent families in Chile regarding the civil registry and the registration of their children, highlighting how heteronormative structures persist despite significant legislative advancements. Through semi-structured interviews with lesbian mothers, it explored how the policies and practices occurring [...] Read more.
This study examines the experiences of lesbian-parent families in Chile regarding the civil registry and the registration of their children, highlighting how heteronormative structures persist despite significant legislative advancements. Through semi-structured interviews with lesbian mothers, it explored how the policies and practices occurring at the civil registry affect their rights and legal recognition. The qualitative data analysis revealed significant barriers in the filiation processes due to outdated forms and lack of training among officials, reflecting a disconnect between progressive legislation and its practical implementation. The findings indicate that while there is growing social recognition of family diversity, lesbian-parent families face institutional discrimination, limiting their full participation in society. These barriers not only perpetuate occupational injustices but also negatively affect the emotional and social well-being of these families. This study underscores the need for legislative and administrative reforms to ensure effective inclusion and recognition of lesbian-parent families, recommending policies that update administrative processes to reflect the realities of all families adequately. The research highlights the importance of continuous education and awareness for civil registry workers, ensuring that existing laws are applied fairly and equitably. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gender Studies)
19 pages, 1647 KiB  
Article
Opinion of Ecuadorians on Migration in the Target Country: Benefits and Challenges
by Angel Torres-Toukoumidis, Andrea De-Santis and Diego Vintimilla-León
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 533; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100533 - 6 Oct 2024
Viewed by 829
Abstract
Migration plays a crucial role in shaping destination countries’ social and economic landscapes, including in Ecuador. This study aims to explore the benefits and challenges of migration by analyzing the perceptions of Ecuadorians who have directly or indirectly encountered its effects. Using a [...] Read more.
Migration plays a crucial role in shaping destination countries’ social and economic landscapes, including in Ecuador. This study aims to explore the benefits and challenges of migration by analyzing the perceptions of Ecuadorians who have directly or indirectly encountered its effects. Using a mixed-methods approach, we surveyed 1048 Ecuadorians and conducted 27 in-depth interviews to capture various viewpoints. The findings reveal a complex perspective: 47% of respondents view migration positively, emphasizing economic opportunities and cultural enrichment, while 53% express concerns about issues such as employment mismatches and barriers to social integration. These insights highlight the need for further research, e.g., to explore tailored policy solutions and deepen the understanding of migration’s multifaceted impact on Ecuador’s society and economy. The results highlight the need to investigate how media perceptions of migration influence the attitudes and decisions of migrants and host communities to design more balanced and realistic information campaigns for informed decision-making. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 2274 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Psychotropic Substance Seizures Occurring in 2017–2022 in Tamaulipas, a Mexican Border State with USA
by Ignacio Hernández-Rodríguez, Israel Estrada-Camacho and Sergio Montes
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 532; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100532 - 4 Oct 2024
Viewed by 640
Abstract
The trafficking of illegal substances is a global issue. Tamaulipas, a northeastern state in Mexico, is strategically located for drug trafficking to the United States by organized crime. In this study, drug seizure events conducted by the Mexican government in the main cities [...] Read more.
The trafficking of illegal substances is a global issue. Tamaulipas, a northeastern state in Mexico, is strategically located for drug trafficking to the United States by organized crime. In this study, drug seizure events conducted by the Mexican government in the main cities of Tamaulipas between 2017 and 2022 are analyzed. It was noticed that there was a decrease in events from 2017 to 2020, followed by a slight increase in 2021. Marijuana was the most seized drug, with cocaine and amphetamines following behind. The frequency of drug seizure events was higher in the border cities of Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa, and Matamoros due to their international commercial bridges with the USA. Nuevo Laredo and Reynosa showed a high amount of marijuana seized. In Matamoros, a coastal city, the quantity of cocaine seized was the highest. Results suggest that substances seized were intended to be illegally transported to the USA through Mexican border cities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Contemporary Politics and Society)
Show Figures

Figure 1

25 pages, 341 KiB  
Article
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Public–Private Partnership (PPP) Strategy to Development
by Walnshak Alheri Danfulani and Enver Gülseven
Soc. Sci. 2024, 13(10), 531; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13100531 - 4 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1102
Abstract
Many countries around the world have leveraged the potential of partnerships to counter collective challenges and foster development. ECOWAS has looked to partnerships to tackle shared challenges to infrastructural development in its member countries. This study sought to understand ‘how partnerships could foster [...] Read more.
Many countries around the world have leveraged the potential of partnerships to counter collective challenges and foster development. ECOWAS has looked to partnerships to tackle shared challenges to infrastructural development in its member countries. This study sought to understand ‘how partnerships could foster sustainable development in ECOWAS member nations.’ Using a qualitative method, both primary and secondary data were sourced to mainstream the ECOWAS multilateral Public–Private Partnership (PPP) strategy to foster sustainable development in implementing its 2045 Infrastructure Master Plan. This study finds that such development plans that were hitherto a challenge to implement by ECOWAS member states have received a boost through the World Bank Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF). This partnership provided effective diagnostics to improve efficiency, build capacity, identify PPP possibilities, and revamp policy and legal frameworks for PPPs, resulting in better access to more financing, proper implementation, monitoring, and sustainability of infrastructural projects. The ECOWAS PPP framework has been able to allow its member states to leverage the advantages that the private sector has to foster sustainable development. This has poised ECOWAS to be on track to implementing its infrastructure master plan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section International Relations)
Previous Issue
Next Issue
Back to TopTop