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Laws, Volume 10, Issue 2

June 2021 - 33 articles

Cover Story: The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is a federal special education law that guarantees eligible students with disabilities access to a free appropriate public education (FAPE). A few years after the enactment of the law in 1975, which was then titled the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, the United States Supreme Court issued a ruling in Board of Education v. Rowley (1982) which helped to clarify FAPE. In 2017, the High Court issued a second ruling on FAPE in Endrew v. Douglas County School District. These rulings have addressed FAPE requirements in terms of procedural and substantive obligations. In this paper, we will review these two seminal cases and offer recommendations on how these procedural and substantive FAPE requirements may be met when developing and implementing individualized educational programs for students with disabilities. View this paper
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Articles (33)

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
7,159 Views
17 Pages

17 June 2021

The criminal punishment system plays a critical role in the production of race, gender, and sexuality in the United States. The regulation of marginalized women’s bodies—transwomen, butches, and lesbians—in confinement reproduces cis-heteronormativit...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
8,102 Views
17 Pages

17 June 2021

Competition over environmental and natural resources characteristically lies at the heart of armed conflicts in Africa. It is also common knowledge that some companies dealing in products such as laptops, smart phones, and jewellery import minerals f...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
8,758 Views
19 Pages

11 June 2021

From the perspective of media ecology, this paper explores the question of responsibility for the effects that media have on society. To explain these media effects, two approaches are singled out. (1) The instrumental approach assumes that a medium...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7,050 Views
24 Pages

7 June 2021

This article studies religious arbitration from the perspective of global legal pluralism, which embraces both normative plurality and cultural diversity. In this context, the article considers that UK arbitration law regulates both commercial and re...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
6,585 Views
16 Pages

4 June 2021

This article explores how we interpret, write history, and make sense in a digital age. The study takes place at the intersection of three disciplines: Media and Communication Studies, Postcolonial Theory, and Law. This exploration is conducted in an...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,633 Views
10 Pages

2 June 2021

Since 2020, the spread of COVID-19 has had an overwhelming impact not only on our personal lives, but also on domestic regulatory frameworks. Influential academics have strongly underlined that, in times of deep crisis, such as the current global hea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
7,409 Views
16 Pages

1 June 2021

The Province of Quebec is currently in the process of adopting building information modeling (BIM) for major infrastructure projects. However, legal and contractual concerns such as the tendering process, adjudication criteria, intellectual property...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
6,150 Views
24 Pages

29 May 2021

There has been a paradigm shift in global communications since the death many years ago of prominent Canadians Marshall McLuhan and Pierre Elliott Trudeau. The correspondence between the two friends, from 1968 to 1980, presciently touched on our cont...

  • Commentary
  • Open Access
4 Citations
8,361 Views
13 Pages

20 May 2021

Throughout the Trump administration, media coverage of extremist factions of the American right grew considerably, as did the actual membership and numbers of those factions. Included among these factions, and operating on a spectrum that ranges from...

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Laws - ISSN 2075-471X