Recovery of Rare Earth Oxide from Waste NiMH Batteries by Simple Wet Chemical Valorization Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- All battery recycling processes by various companies around the world that have been reviewed mostly follow pyrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical-dominated processes, in contrast to our developed process which is hydrometallurical.
- It is a simple acid leaching and precipitation process for the recovery of REMs.
- Recovered REM sulfate is value-added through a simple carbocation reaction.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Leaching and REM Separation
2.3. Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of Waste NiMH Battery Material
3.2. Leaching Optimization of Waste NiMH Battery Material
3.3. Separation and Recovery of REM by Metathesis Reaction
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
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Company | Battery Type | Process/Technology Used | Location |
---|---|---|---|
Retriev Technologies | All types | Pyrometallurgy Hydrometallurgy | Trail, BC, Canada; Baltimore, OH, USA |
Salesco Systems | All types | Pyrometallurgy | Phoenix, AZ, USA |
AERC | All types | Pyrometallurgy | Allentown PA, USA; Hayward CA, USA; West Melbourne FL, USA |
Dowa | All types | Pyrometallurgy | Japan |
Japan Recycle | All types | Pyrometallurgy | Osaka, Japan |
Sony Corp. & Sumitomo Metals and Mining Co. | All types | Pyrometallurgy | Japan |
XStrata | All types | Pyrometallurgy Electrowinning | Horne Que, Nikkelverk Norway; Sudbury, ON., Canada |
Accurec | All types | Pyrometallurgy | Mulhiem, Grenada |
DK | All types | Pyrometallurgy | Duisburg, Greece |
AFE Group (Valdi) | All types | Pyrometallurgy | Zurich, Switzerland; Rogerville, France |
Citron | All types | Pyrometallurgy | Zurich, Switzerland; Rogerville, France |
Euro Dieuze/SARP | All types | Hydrometallurgy | Lorraine, France |
SNAM | Cd, Ni, MH, Li | Pyrometallurgy | Saint Quentin Fallavier, France |
IPGNA Ent. (Recupyl) | All types | Hydrometallurgy | Grenoble, France |
Umicore | All types | Pyrometallurgy Hydrometallurgy Electrowinning | Hooboken, Belgium |
Rare Earth Elements (REMs) | Total REMs | Ni | Co | Others | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ce | La | Nd | |||||
Weight (%) | 10.4 | 6.7 | 3.1 | 20.2 | 45.8 | 8.5 | 25.5 |
# | Rare Earth Elements | Ni + Co | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ce | La | Nd | ||
Weight (%) | 17.2 | 13.1 | 5.44 | 0.01 |
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Share and Cite
Ahn, N.-K.; Swain, B.; Shim, H.-W.; Kim, D.-W. Recovery of Rare Earth Oxide from Waste NiMH Batteries by Simple Wet Chemical Valorization Process. Metals 2019, 9, 1151. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9111151
Ahn N-K, Swain B, Shim H-W, Kim D-W. Recovery of Rare Earth Oxide from Waste NiMH Batteries by Simple Wet Chemical Valorization Process. Metals. 2019; 9(11):1151. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9111151
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhn, Nak-Kyoon, Basudev Swain, Hyun-Woo Shim, and Dae-Weon Kim. 2019. "Recovery of Rare Earth Oxide from Waste NiMH Batteries by Simple Wet Chemical Valorization Process" Metals 9, no. 11: 1151. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9111151