Effect of La2O3 on the Microstructure and Grain Refining Effect of Novel Al-TiO2-C-XLa2O3 Refiners
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microstructure Characterization
3.2. Refinement of Industrial Aluminum with Al-TiO2-C-XLa2O3 Refiners
3.3. Thermal Analysis
3.4. Effect of La2O3 on Sintering Process
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Si | Fe | Cu | Mn | Mg | Zn | Ti | Others | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤0.16 | ≤0.16 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.02 | ≤0.01 | ≤0.03 | Bal. |
Second Phase | X = 0 | X = 0.1 | X = 0.2 | X = 0.3 | X = 0.4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Al20Ti2La/% | 0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.7 |
Al3Ti/% | 10.3 | 10.0 | 9.8 | 9.5 | 9.3 |
Refiners | No Refiners | X = 0 | X = 0.1 | X = 0.2 | X = 0.3 | X = 0.4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
grain size/μm | 3800 | 2190 | 1800 | 320 | 1270 | 2010 |
Temperature Labels | Characteristic Description | Corresponding Characteristic Points |
---|---|---|
TN | Starting nucleation of α-Al | 1 |
Tmin | Minimum undercooling degree | 2 |
TMax | Maximum nucleationof α-Al | 3 |
TG | Growth of α-Al | 4 |
TAl3Ti(II) | Starting nucleation of Al3Ti(II) | 5 |
TE | End of solidification | 6 |
ΔtN | Primary transformation time | tG − tN (t4 − t1) |
Samples | Characteristic Parameters | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TN/℃ | Tmin/℃ | Tmax/℃ | TG/℃ | TE/℃ | ΔT/℃ | ΔtN/s | |
No Refiners | 662.5 | 658.8 | 659.12 | 659.7 | 629 | 0.9 | 20.9 |
X = 0 | 671.05 | 658.9 | 659.4 | 659.6 | 629.6 | 0.7 | 22.95 |
X = 0.1 | 678.52 | 659.8 | 660.16 | 660.48 | 626.3 | 0.68 | 23.05 |
X = 0.2 | 679.38 | 660.15 | 660.47 | 660.67 | 625 | 0.52 | 25.5 |
X = 0.3 | 679.41 | 659.8 | 660 | 660.4 | 629.3 | 0.6 | 24.65 |
X = 0.4 | 677.2 | 659.02 | 659.35 | 659.67 | 628.61 | 0.67 | 25.5 |
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Liu, H.; Zhang, R.; Yan, S.; Li, J.; Yang, S. Effect of La2O3 on the Microstructure and Grain Refining Effect of Novel Al-TiO2-C-XLa2O3 Refiners. Metals 2020, 10, 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10020182
Liu H, Zhang R, Yan S, Li J, Yang S. Effect of La2O3 on the Microstructure and Grain Refining Effect of Novel Al-TiO2-C-XLa2O3 Refiners. Metals. 2020; 10(2):182. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10020182
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Huan, Ruiying Zhang, Suying Yan, Jinxuan Li, and Sen Yang. 2020. "Effect of La2O3 on the Microstructure and Grain Refining Effect of Novel Al-TiO2-C-XLa2O3 Refiners" Metals 10, no. 2: 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10020182