Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus Adults Found Coexisting in Urban and Semiurban Dwellings of Southern Chiapas, Mexico
by
, , ,
Alma D. Lopez-Solis
1,2,
Francisco Solis-Santoyo
1,*,
Karla Saavedra-Rodriguez
3,
Daniel Sanchez-Guillen
2,
Alfredo Castillo-Vera
2,
Rebeca Gonzalez-Gomez
2,4,
Americo D. Rodriguez
1 and
Patricia Penilla-Navarro
1,*
1
Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuarta Norte y 19 Calle Poniente S/N Colonia Centro, Tapachula 30700, Mexico
2
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Tapachula. Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km. 2.5, Centro, Tapachula Chiapas 30700, Mexico
3
Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1692 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1692, USA
4
Investigadora por México, Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Benito Juárez 03940, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Insects 2023, 14(6), 565; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14060565
Submission received: 18 May 2023
/
Revised: 10 June 2023
/
Accepted: 14 June 2023
/
Published: 17 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mosquito: Ecology, Behavior and Molecular Biology)
Simple Summary
Aedes aegypti, Ae albopictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus, three mosquito species of medical importance, were found coexisting in residential neighborhoods of urban and semiurban areas. Aedes aegypti was mostly present indoor houses compared to Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus. On the contrary, in cemeteries of the urban area, Ae. aegypti was found in lower densities compared to Ae. albopictus and Cx. Quinquefasciatus, which were the most abundant. The identification of these species and the knowledge of their distribution are essential for entomological surveillance in the prevention of outbreaks of vector-borne diseases.
Abstract
Tapachula, Mexico, a tropical city, is an endemic area for dengue, in addition to several outbreaks in the last decade with chikungunya and zika. As part of the migratory corridor from Central to North America and the risks of scattered infectious diseases that this implies, the identification and distribution of potential disease vectors in and around residential areas are essential in terms of entomological surveillance for the prevention of disease outbreaks. The identification of mosquito species of medical importance coexisting in houses and cemeteries in Tapachula and two semiurban sites in southern Chiapas was investigated. Adult mosquitoes were collected from May to December 2018, resting inside and outside houses and in the tombstones and fallen tree leaves in cemeteries. A total of 10,883 mosquitoes belonging to three vector species were collected across 20 sites; 6738 were from neighborhood houses, of which 55.4% were Culex quinquefasciatus, 41.6% Aedes aegypti, and 2.9% Ae. albopictus. Aedes aegypti was the most common mosquito resting inside houses (56.7%), while Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were mostly found resting outside houses (75.7%). In the cemeteries, Cx. quinquefasciatus (60.8%) and Ae. albopictus (37.3%) were the most abundant, while Ae. aegypti (1.9%) was the least abundant. This is the first report to identify adults of three major disease vector species coexisting in the domestic environment of urban and semiurban sites and Ae. albopictus adult resting inside of urban houses in Mexico. It would be opportune to consider comprehensive strategies that can be applied in this region to control the three species at the same time and avoid outbreaks of the diseases they transmit.
Keywords:
disease vectors; coexistence; vectors; adults mosquitoes; indoors; outdoors
