Examination of the Relationship between Peripheral Inflammation Markers and Impulsivity and Aggression in Schizophrenia Patients Involved and Not Involved in Crime
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Committee Approval
2.2. Criteria for Inclusion and Exclusion
2.3. Data Collection Tools
2.4. Laboratory Samples
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics of the Participants
3.2. The Comparison of Scale Scores of Groups
3.3. The Results of Participants’ Laboratory Parameters
3.4. Results of Correlation Analysis
3.5. Logistic Regression Analysis Results
4. Discussion
5. Limitations and Strengths
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group of Patients Involved in Crime | Non-Criminal Patient Group | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n) | % | (n) | % | |||
Age (Mean ± SD) * | 39.0 ± 9.7 | 41.2 ± 10.7 | 0.254 | |||
Marital Status | Single | 33 | 57.9 | 43 | 76.8 | 0.041 |
Married | 15 | 26.3 | 11 | 19.6 | ||
Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 9 | 15.8 | 2 | 3.6 | ||
Educational Status | Middle School And Below | 38 | 66.7 | 37 | 66.1 | 0.947 |
High School And Above | 19 | 33.3 | 19 | 33.9 | ||
Social Security | There İs | 52 | 91.2 | 43 | 76.8 | 0.036 |
No | 5 | 8.8 | 13 | 23.2 | ||
Mother is Alive | Yes | 40 | 70.2 | 40 | 71.4 | 0.884 |
No | 17 | 29.8 | 16 | 28.6 | ||
Father İs Alive | Yes | 27 | 47.4 | 27 | 48.2 | 0.928 |
No | 30 | 52.6 | 29 | 51.8 | ||
Are The Parents Together? | Yes | 27 | 47.4 | 54 | 96.4 | <0.001 |
No | 30 | 52.6 | 2 | 3.6 | ||
Has He Been İn Prison Before? | Yes | 33 | 57.9 | 3 | 5.4 | <0.001 |
No | 24 | 42.1 | 53 | 94.6 | ||
Cigarette | Yes | 43 | 75.4 | 41 | 73.2 | 0.787 |
No | 14 | 24.6 | 15 | 26.8 | ||
Alcohol | Yes | 8 | 14.0 | 4 | 7.1 | 0.234 |
No | 49 | 86.0 | 52 | 92.9 | ||
Matter | Yes | 7 | 12.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.013 |
No | 50 | 87.7 | 56 | 100.0 | ||
Previous İnpatient Treatment | Yes | 43 | 75.4 | 49 | 87.5 | 0.099 |
No | 14 | 24.6 | 7 | 12.5 | ||
Additional Medical İllness | Yes | 3 | 5.3 | 0 | 0 | 0.243 |
No | 54 | 94.7 | 56 | 100.0 | ||
Psychiatric Treatment İn The Family | Yes | 10 | 17.5 | 14 | 25.0 | 0.333 |
No | 47 | 82.5 | 42 | 75.0 | ||
Incision/Razor/Face Scar On His Body | Yes | 14 | 24.6 | 9 | 16.1 | 0.262 |
No | 43 | 75.4 | 47 | 83.9 | ||
Suicide Attempt | Yes | 14 | 24.6 | 10 | 17.9 | 0.384 |
No | 43 | 75.4 | 46 | 82.1 | ||
Tattoo | Yes | 8 | 14.0 | 1 | 1.8 | 0.032 |
No | 49 | 86.0 | 55 | 98.2 |
Group of Patients Involved in Crime | Non-Criminal Patient Group | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
PANSS—positive | 23.2 ± 11.7 | 15.3 ± 8.6 | <0001 |
PANSS—negative | 24.8 ± 11.3 | 18.2 ± 9.1 | 0.001 |
PANSS—general level of functionality | 44.6 ± 16.0 | 38.5 ± 15.8 | 0.043 |
PANNS—total score | 92.9 ± 33.2 | 71.8 ± 30.1 | 0.001 |
BWAS—physical aggression | 20.2 ± 10.2 | 15.9 ± 6.3 | 0.007 |
BWAS—verbal aggression | 13.7 ± 5.3 | 12.2 ± 3.9 | 0.084 |
BWAS—anger | 17.7 ± 7.8 | 15.4 ± 5.7 | 0.069 |
BWAS—enmity | 19.9 ± 9.9 | 19.3 ± 5.8 | 0.710 |
BWAS—total score | 85.4 ± 37.3 | 73.9 ± 20.3 | 0.046 |
BIS-11—caution | 17.7 ± 7.0 | 16.6 ± 6.7 | 0.286 |
BIS-11—not making plans | 31.0 ± 7.6 | 26.7 ± 6.5 | 0.002 |
Mann–Whitney U test results | |||
BWAS—indirect aggression | 11.0 (8.0–18.5) | 10.0 (9.0–13.0) | 0.198 |
BIS-11—engine | 20.0 (16.0–28.0) | 19.5 (16.0–24.0) | 0.085 |
BIS-11—total score | 69.0 (57.0–75.0) | 64.5 (54.0–70.5) | 0.062 |
Group of Patients Involved in Crime | Non-Criminal Patient Group | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
WBC | 8.8 ± 3.7 | 8.8 ± 2.9 | 0.932 |
RBC | 5.0 ± 0.5 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 0.245 |
HGB | 15.2 ± 1.5 | 15.0 ± 1.5 | 0.399 |
MCV | 89.4 ± 5.3 | 88.2 ± 5.6 | 0.273 |
MCH | 30.4 ± 2.2 | 29.3 ± 2.0 | 0.004 |
MCHC | 33.9 ± 0.8 | 33.2 ± 1.1 | <0.001 |
PLT | 264.3 ± 60.3 | 256.4 ± 59.9 | 0.487 |
MPV | 8.3 ± 0.9 | 9.7 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
PCT | 0.22 ± 0.05 | 0.42 ± 1.33 | 0.237 |
PDW | 16.6 ± 1.0 | 12.5 ± 13.0 | 0.023 |
NEU | 5.4 ± 1.8 | 5.7 ± 2.4 | 0.552 |
LYM | 2.3 ± 2.4 | 2.3 ± 1.5 | 0.943 |
MON | 0.72 ± 0.25 | 0.70 ± 0.54 | 0.889 |
RDW-CV | 14.0 ± 1.3 | 12.7 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
RDW-SD | 43.6 ± 3.8 | 41.4 ± 3.5 | 0.002 |
Glucose | 97.8 ± 20.9 | 107.9 ± 51.4 | 0.176 |
Urea | 28.6 ± 11.0 | 28.7 ± 10.4 | 0.963 |
Creatinine | 0.84 ± 0.12 | 0.99 ± 0.14 | <0.001 |
Cholesterol | 181.0 ± 36.8 | 181.0 ± 42.4 | 1.000 |
HDL | 41.4 ± 8.1 | 42.9 ± 11.6 | 0.446 |
LDL | 109.6 ± 32.1 | 110.3 ± 34.1 | 0.904 |
TG | 153.8 ± 89.9 | 145.5 ± 124.9 | 0.694 |
Nötrofil/albümin | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 0.13 ± 0.05 | 0.887 |
Mann–Whitney U Test Results | |||
Median (IQR) Values | |||
HCT | 44.9 (41.4–48.0) | 45.4 (41.7–47.9) | 0.552 |
EOS | 0.15 (0.10–0.28) | 0.10 (0.02–0.18) | 0.006 |
BAS | 0.07 (0.00–0.10) | 0.03 (0.02–0.04) | 0.021 |
Albumin | 43.0 (40.0–44.0) | 45.0 (42.0–47.0) | 0.001 |
AST | 22.0 (18.0–27.0) | 24.0 (16.5–32.0) | 0.443 |
ALT | 20.0 (15.0–27.0) | 17.5 (13.0–25.0) | 0.224 |
LDH | 215.0 (199.0–251.0) | 305.5 (257.5–356.0) | <0.001 |
CRP | 3.7 (1.9–13.4) | 3.5 (2.3–6.6) | 0.561 |
CRP/albümin | 0.09 (0.05–0.31) | 0.08 (0.05–0.15) | 0.422 |
Nötrofil/lenfosit | 2.6 (2.0–3.8) | 2.6 (1.8–4.0) | 0.845 |
Monosit/lenfosit | 0.38 (0.26–0.49) | 0.29 (0.25–0.41) | 0.153 |
Platelet/lenfosit | 136.8 (99.2–186.4) | 118.2 (93.6–169.3) | 0.318 |
BWAS | BIS-11 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
Wbc | −0.143 | −0.104 | −0.154 | −0.136 | −0.174 | −0.145 | −0.184 | −0.148 | −0.292 | −0.241 |
Hgb | 0.028 | 0.194 | −0.047 | 0.103 | 0.010 | 0.062 | 0.028 | 0.073 | −0.093 | −0.013 |
Mcv | 0.207 | 0.203 | 0.222 | 0.117 | −0.070 | 0.154 | 0.127 | 0.265 | 0.166 | 0.241 |
Mch | 0.176 | 0.183 | 0.189 | 0.070 | −0.021 | 0.124 | 0.160 | 0.280 | 0.168 | 0.257 |
Mchc | −0.034 | −0.003 | −0.008 | −0.071 | 0.068 | −0.022 | 0.037 | 0.042 | 0.030 | 0.057 |
Mpv | −0.205 | −0.092 | −0.094 | −0.002 | −0.158 | −0.139 | −0.139 | −0.165 | −0.173 | −0.200 |
Pct | −0.200 | −0.106 | −0.187 | −0.108 | −0.243 | −0.199 | −0.153 | −0.118 | −0.244 | −0.175 |
Pdw | 0.090 | 0.090 | 0.077 | −0.033 | 0.030 | 0.036 | −0.099 | 0.051 | 0.187 | 0.066 |
Neu | −0.106 | −0.093 | −0.095 | −0.082 | −0.159 | −0.108 | −0.128 | −0.130 | −0.226 | −0.187 |
Lym | −0.126 | −0.147 | −0.190 | −0.180 | −0.125 | −0.160 | −0.153 | −0.155 | −0.225 | −0.200 |
Mon | 0.019 | −0.015 | −0.086 | −0.069 | −0.116 | −0.039 | −0.147 | −0.128 | −0.166 | −0.195 |
Rdw-Cv | 0.136 | −0.020 | 0.034 | −0.136 | 0.055 | 0.001 | −0.037 | 0.116 | 0.222 | 0.136 |
Rdw-Sd | 0.189 | 0.059 | 0.127 | −0.038 | −0.015 | 0.066 | 0.094 | 0.278 | 0.233 | 0.257 |
Total Protein | −0.229 | −0.113 | −0.299 | −0.121 | −0.148 | −0.193 | −0.174 | −0.157 | −0.320 | −0.256 |
Albumin | −0.094 | 0.027 | −0.117 | 0.103 | 0.020 | −0.010 | −0.053 | −0.045 | −0.194 | −0.103 |
Cholesterol | −0.074 | 0.047 | −0.062 | −0.025 | −0.076 | −0.007 | 0.003 | −0.005 | −0.088 | −0.047 |
Tg | −0.043 | −0.090 | −0.113 | −0.137 | −0.187 | −0.121 | −0.278 | −0.115 | −0.117 | −0.190 |
B | S.E. | p | OR | %95 GA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min | Max | |||||
Marital Status | −1.105 | 1.108 | 0.318 | 0.331 | 0.038 | 2.904 |
Social Security | 0.509 | 0.813 | 0.531 | 1.664 | 0.338 | 8.191 |
Are Parents Together? | 3.392 | 0.835 | 0.000 | 29.711 | 5.789 | 152.494 |
Prison Entrance Before | 2.903 | 0.798 | 0.000 | 18.234 | 3.813 | 87.192 |
Tattoo/Tattoo | 1.206 | 1.315 | 0.359 | 3.340 | 0.254 | 43.976 |
PANSS-Positive | −0.032 | 0.337 | 0.924 | 0.968 | 0.501 | 1.873 |
PANSS-Negative | −0.051 | 0.317 | 0.872 | 0.950 | 0.511 | 1.767 |
PANSS General Functionality | −0.120 | 0.348 | 0.730 | 0.887 | 0.449 | 1.752 |
PANNS Total Score | 0.078 | 0.334 | 0.815 | 1.081 | 0.561 | 2.082 |
BWAS-Physical Aggression | 0.002 | 0.232 | 0.992 | 1.002 | 0.636 | 1.580 |
BWAS-Total Score | −0.018 | 0.074 | 0.805 | 0.982 | 0.849 | 1.136 |
BIS-11 Unable To Plan | 0.069 | 0.140 | 0.623 | 1.071 | 0.814 | 1.410 |
Mch | 3.560 | 1.563 | 0.023 | 35.172 | 1.642 | 753.284 |
Mchc | −1.868 | 1.434 | 0.193 | 0.154 | 0.009 | 2.564 |
Mpv | −1.722 | 1.172 | 0.142 | 0.179 | 0.018 | 1.777 |
Pdw | 0.033 | 0.046 | 0.481 | 1.033 | 0.943 | 1.132 |
Eos | −0.323 | 1.012 | 0.750 | 0.724 | 0.100 | 5.261 |
Rdw-Cv | 7.169 | 2.612 | 0.006 | 1298.157 | 7.764 | 217,066.441 |
Rdw-Sd | −2.273 | 1.059 | 0.032 | 0.103 | 0.013 | 0.822 |
Creatinine | −10.872 | 5.640 | 0.054 | 00.000 | 0.000 | 1.201 |
Albumin | −0.355 | 0.257 | 0.168 | 0.702 | 0.424 | 1.161 |
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Kaya, S.; Taşcı, G.; Kılıç, N.; Karadayı, H.; Özsoy, F.; Atmaca, M. Examination of the Relationship between Peripheral Inflammation Markers and Impulsivity and Aggression in Schizophrenia Patients Involved and Not Involved in Crime. J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13, 475. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13030475
Kaya S, Taşcı G, Kılıç N, Karadayı H, Özsoy F, Atmaca M. Examination of the Relationship between Peripheral Inflammation Markers and Impulsivity and Aggression in Schizophrenia Patients Involved and Not Involved in Crime. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2023; 13(3):475. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13030475
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaya, Suheda, Gülay Taşcı, Nülüfer Kılıç, Hüsna Karadayı, Filiz Özsoy, and Murad Atmaca. 2023. "Examination of the Relationship between Peripheral Inflammation Markers and Impulsivity and Aggression in Schizophrenia Patients Involved and Not Involved in Crime" Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 3: 475. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13030475