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Volume 8
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Article

Physicochemical Conditions of Formation for Bismuth Mineralization Hosted in a Magmatic-Hydrothermal Breccia Complex: An Example from the Argentine Andes

by
Francisco J. Testa
1,2,*,
Lejun Zhang
1,2 and
David R. Cooke
1,2
1
CODES, Centre for Ore Deposit and Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
2
TMVC, Transforming the Mining Value Chain, an ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 79, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Minerals 2018, 8(11), 486; https://doi.org/10.3390/min8110486
Submission received: 3 September 2018 / Revised: 12 October 2018 / Accepted: 15 October 2018 / Published: 26 October 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Experimental and Thermodynamical Modeling of Ore-Forming Processes in Magmatic and Hydrothermal Systems)
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Abstract

The San Francisco de los Andes breccia-hosted deposit (Frontal Cordillera, Argentina) is characterized by complex Bi–Cu–Pb–Zn–Mo–As–Fe–Ag–Au mineralization. After magmatic-hydrothermal brecciation, tourmaline and quartz partially cemented open spaces, followed by quiescent periods where Bi–Cu–Pb–Zn ore formed. Bismuth ore precipitation is characterized by Bi-sulfides, sulfosalts, and tellurosulfide inclusions, which temporally co-exist with Ag-telluride inclusions and chalcopyrite. Three distinct Bi mineralizing stages have been defined based on the following mineral assemblages: (1) Bismuthinite (tetradymite–hessite inclusions); (2) Bismuthinite (tetradymite–hessite inclusions) + cosalite (tetradymite inclusions) + chalcopyrite; and (3) Cosalite (tetradymite inclusions) + chalcopyrite. Overall, Ag-poor bismuthinite hosts both Bi-tellurosulfide and Ag-telluride inclusions, whereas Ag-rich cosalite only hosts tetradymite inclusions.
Keywords: magmatic-hydrothermal breccias; bismuth mineralization; thermodynamic model; bismuth and tellurium fugacities; San Francisco de los Andes; Frontal Cordillera; San Juan; Argentina magmatic-hydrothermal breccias; bismuth mineralization; thermodynamic model; bismuth and tellurium fugacities; San Francisco de los Andes; Frontal Cordillera; San Juan; Argentina

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MDPI and ACS Style

Testa, F.J.; Zhang, L.; Cooke, D.R. Physicochemical Conditions of Formation for Bismuth Mineralization Hosted in a Magmatic-Hydrothermal Breccia Complex: An Example from the Argentine Andes. Minerals 2018, 8, 486. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8110486

AMA Style

Testa FJ, Zhang L, Cooke DR. Physicochemical Conditions of Formation for Bismuth Mineralization Hosted in a Magmatic-Hydrothermal Breccia Complex: An Example from the Argentine Andes. Minerals. 2018; 8(11):486. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8110486

Chicago/Turabian Style

Testa, Francisco J., Lejun Zhang, and David R. Cooke. 2018. "Physicochemical Conditions of Formation for Bismuth Mineralization Hosted in a Magmatic-Hydrothermal Breccia Complex: An Example from the Argentine Andes" Minerals 8, no. 11: 486. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8110486

APA Style

Testa, F. J., Zhang, L., & Cooke, D. R. (2018). Physicochemical Conditions of Formation for Bismuth Mineralization Hosted in a Magmatic-Hydrothermal Breccia Complex: An Example from the Argentine Andes. Minerals, 8(11), 486. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8110486

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