Lorentz Forces Effects on the Interactions of Nanoparticles in Emerging Mechanisms with Innovative Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Entropy Generation
4. Results and Discussion
Solution Validation
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Velocity decreases with increasing the parameters M, f, and increases with increasing the parameter .
- (2)
- Temperature decreases with increasing the parameters Pr, , f.
- (3)
- Nanoparticles concentration decreases with increasing the parameter f and increases with increasing the parameter Sc.
- (4)
- Entropy generation increases with increasing the parameters Re and Br.
- (5)
- Both the velocity components decrease with the Hall effect parameter m.
- (6)
- Streamlines show that the trapping increases at the left side of the surface for the parameter m.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Thermophysical Properties | HO | TiO (Titania) | GO (Graphene Oxide) |
---|---|---|---|
(Density) (kg/m) | = 997.1 | = 4250 | = 1800 |
c (Heat capacity) (J/kg K) | (c) = 4179 | (c) = 686.2 | (c) = 717 |
k (Thermal conductivity) (W/m K) | k = 0.613 | k = 8.9538 | k = 5000 |
(Electrical conductivity) (Um) | = 0.05 | = 2.38 × 10 | = 1.1 × 10 |
Properties | Nanofluid (TiO/HO) |
---|---|
Density () | = (1 − ) + |
Heat capacity (c) | (c) = (1 − )(c) + (c) |
Dynamic viscosity () | = |
Thermal conductivity (k) | = |
Electrical conductivity () | = 1 + , where = |
Properties | Hybrid nanofluid (GO-TiO/HO) |
Density () | = (1 − ( + )) + + |
Heat capacity (c) | (c) = (1 − ( + ))(c) + (c) + (c) |
Dynamic viscosity () | = |
Thermal conductivity (k) | = |
Electrical conductivity () | = 1 + |
Published Paper [19] | Present Work | Error | |
---|---|---|---|
0 | 5.6418 × 10 | 5.6417 × 10 | 0.0001 × 10 |
(15/2) | 5.7501 × 10 | 5.7500 × 10 | 0.0001 × 10 |
15 | 5.8072 × 10 | 5.8071 × 10 | 0.0001 × 10 |
30 | 5.7700 × 10 | 5.7700 × 10 | 0.0000 × 10 |
45 | 5.52287 × 10 | 5.52285 × 10 | 0.0002 × 10 |
60 | 5.0721 × 10 | 5.0720 × 10 | 0.0001 × 10 |
75 | 4.3686 × 10 | 4.3684 × 10 | 0.0002 × 10 |
(165/2) | 3.8999 × 10 | 3.8998 × 10 | 0.0001 × 10 |
90 | 3.3205 × 10 | 3.3205 × 10 | 0.0000 × 10 |
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Khan, N.S.; Shah, Q.; Sohail, A.; Kumam, P.; Thounthong, P.; Bhaumik, A.; Ullah, Z. Lorentz Forces Effects on the Interactions of Nanoparticles in Emerging Mechanisms with Innovative Approach. Symmetry 2020, 12, 1700. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12101700
Khan NS, Shah Q, Sohail A, Kumam P, Thounthong P, Bhaumik A, Ullah Z. Lorentz Forces Effects on the Interactions of Nanoparticles in Emerging Mechanisms with Innovative Approach. Symmetry. 2020; 12(10):1700. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12101700
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhan, Noor Saeed, Qayyum Shah, Arif Sohail, Poom Kumam, Phatiphat Thounthong, Amiya Bhaumik, and Zafar Ullah. 2020. "Lorentz Forces Effects on the Interactions of Nanoparticles in Emerging Mechanisms with Innovative Approach" Symmetry 12, no. 10: 1700. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12101700