Demography-Oriented Urban Spatial Matching of Service Facilities: Case Study of Changchun, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data
2.2.1. Mobile Phone Signaling Data
2.2.2. Point of Interest (POI) Data
2.3. Methodologies
2.3.1. Population Activity Intensity
2.3.2. Kernel Density Method
2.3.3. Service Facility Diversity Index
2.3.4. Spatial Match Index
3. Study Results
3.1. Spatial Characteristics of Population Activities
3.1.1. Characteristics of the Temporal Distribution of Existing Population Activity
3.1.2. Characteristics of the Spatial Distribution of Existing Population Activities
3.1.3. Spatial Characteristics of Population Activities Based on Age Groups
3.2. Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Service Facilities
3.2.1. Spatial Distribution of the Number of Service Facilities
3.2.2. Spatial Distribution of Service Facility Diversity
3.3. Match between Population Activity and Services Facilities
3.3.1. Spatial Matching Characteristics
3.3.2. Spatial Matching by age group
4. Discussion and Future Directions
4.1. Discussion
4.2. Future Directions
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- Existing population activity intensity has obvious temporal regularity. The activity curve of the elderly group (65–75 years) is significantly different from that of other age groups, and the overall activity intensity is lower.
- (2)
- The spatial distribution of population activity intensity shows a “center-periphery” distribution. The activity trajectory of the elderly is characterized by obvious clustering, and the activity space is dominated by the central area.
- (3)
- The spatial distribution of service facilities is “one main and two subs”. The spatial distribution of different types of service facilities varies.
- (4)
- The correlation between service facilities kernel density and service facility diversity is low, and the service facility diversity is not certain to be high in areas with higher service facilities kernel density.
- (5)
- The population activity intensity and the service facility diversity have a good spatial matching degree, but there is also a spatial difference. The “high-high” spatially coordinated grids are clustered in the central areas, while the “low-low” spatially coordinated grids are mainly distributed in the peripheral areas. We can divide the spatial matching into more types and identify the nuances of spatial matching of population activities and service facilities in more depth, which can better provide the basis for spatial planning.
- (6)
- There are differences in the degree of spatial matching among different age groups and different service facilities.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Type | Number | Proportion |
---|---|---|---|
School | Primary school, secondary school, university, vocational school, adult school, etc. | 275 | 0.28% |
Restaurant | Chinese restaurants, canteen, teashop, wine shops, cafes, etc. | 31,373 | 32.48% |
Store | Department store, grocery, clothing store, day-and-night shop, market, mall, etc. | 42,267 | 43.76% |
Activity Center | Community cultural centers, youth centers, large cultural facilities | 10,213 | 10.57% |
Hospital | General hospitals, specialist hospitals, community health centers, pharmacies, etc. | 9506 | 9.84% |
Entertainment | Parks, cinemas, gymnasiums, fitness centers, etc. | 2956 | 3.06% |
Total | 96,590 | 100% |
Space Match | Coordination Type | Type | Diversity Index | Activity Intensity | Spatial Distribution | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coordination | High-High | A | This type of grid is mainly located within the third ring area and is more scattered. | 1.95% | ||
B | This type of grid is mainly distributed in the central area with more concentrated distribution. | 10.55% | ||||
C | This type of grid is mainly distributed in a circular pattern between the central area and the third ring area. | 7.47% | ||||
D | This type of grid is mainly in Shuangde and Southern New Town, with a more scattered distribution. | 1.95% | ||||
Low-Low | I | This type of grid is mainly distributed in the edge area, with more concentrated distribution in the east and southwest side. | 15.42% | |||
J | This type of grid is mainly distributed in the edge area of the main urban area. | 5.19% | ||||
Uncoordinated | Low-High | E | This type of grid is mainly distributed in the central area where the population is concentrated and the distribution is more scattered. | 1.79% | ||
F | This type of grid is mainly distributed in the central area with sporadic distribution. | 0.32% | ||||
G | The local Moran’s I of grid points failed the test. | 0.00% | ||||
H | This type of grid extends along the Third Ring Road and is more distributed. | 1.95% | ||||
High-Low | K | This type of grid is mainly distributed in the edge area of the main urban area and concentrated in the east. | 8.44% | |||
L | This type of grid is mainly distributed in the edge area of the main urban area. | 1.95% |
Category | 18–25 | 25–35 | 35–45 | 45–55 | 55–65 | 65–75 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
School | 0.334 | 0.396 | 0.409 | 0.412 | 0.407 | 0.406 |
Restaurant | 0.354 | 0.449 | 0.442 | 0.430 | 0.419 | 0.401 |
Store | 0.397 | 0.558 | 0.577 | 0.579 | 0.594 | 0.595 |
Activity Center | 0.52 | 0.578 | 0.599 | 0.616 | 0.611 | 0.616 |
Hospital | 0.456 | 0.623 | 0.647 | 0.655 | 0.668 | 0.676 |
Entertainment | 0.528 | 0.563 | 0.578 | 0.604 | 0.598 | 0.607 |
Characteristics | With entertainment as the focus, this group prefers places such as cinemas, gyms, and parks. | Entertainment, stores, and hospitals (Many jobs exist around the hospital facilities in Changchun) | The 45–55 group has some commonality with 35–45 group activities, and this group is one of the main groups providing intergenerational care, so it has a better spatial match with schools and activity centers than other age groups. | Hospitals are most closely associated with activities in this age group and the degree of this association deepens with age. |
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Chen, Y.; Hu, Y.; Lai, L. Demography-Oriented Urban Spatial Matching of Service Facilities: Case Study of Changchun, China. Land 2022, 11, 1660. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101660
Chen Y, Hu Y, Lai L. Demography-Oriented Urban Spatial Matching of Service Facilities: Case Study of Changchun, China. Land. 2022; 11(10):1660. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101660
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Yingzi, Yaqi Hu, and Lina Lai. 2022. "Demography-Oriented Urban Spatial Matching of Service Facilities: Case Study of Changchun, China" Land 11, no. 10: 1660. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101660
APA StyleChen, Y., Hu, Y., & Lai, L. (2022). Demography-Oriented Urban Spatial Matching of Service Facilities: Case Study of Changchun, China. Land, 11(10), 1660. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101660