Diversity and Distribution of Sabellida (Annelida) under Protection Regimes
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Station 1 | Station 2 | Station 3 | Station 4 | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.5 m | 5 m | 1.5 m | 5 m | 1.5 m | 5 m | 1.5 m | 5 m | ||
Rhodophyta | |||||||||
Amphiroa sp. | 38.245 | - | 22.831 | - | 38.41 | - | 9.209 | - | 108.695 |
Peysonnelia sp. | - | 2.388 | - | 4.707 | 0.535 | 3.752 | - | 0.484 | 11.866 |
Pseudolithophyllum sp. | 0.241 | - | 1.989 | 1.475 | 0.638 | - | - | 0.337 | 4.68 |
Laurencia obtusa (Hudson) J.V.Lamouroux | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.485 | - | 2.485 |
Lithophyllum sp. | - | - | 2.409 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.409 |
Chlorophyta | |||||||||
Halimeda tuna (J.Ellis & Solander) J.V.Lamouroux, 1816 | 2.259 | 5.307 | 10.775 | 4.469 | 1.261 | 2.71 | 3.901 | 6.24 | 36.922 |
Udotea petiolata (Turra) Børgesen 1925 | - | 0.471 | - | 0.994 | 0.055 | 1.47 | - | 1.209 | 4.199 |
Ochrophyta | |||||||||
Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) J.V.Lamouroux | 0.069 | 0.469 | 0.656 | 0.382 | 0.081 | 0.986 | 0.029 | - | 2.672 |
Porifera | |||||||||
Sarcotragus sp. | - | 1.365 | 0.115 | 1.932 | 0.03 | 10.238 | - | 2.492 | 16.172 |
Chondrilla nucula Schmidt, 1862 | - | - | 0.318 | 0.341 | - | - | 1.978 | 2.637 | |
Petrosia sp. | - | - | - | 1.078 | - | - | - | - | 1.078 |
Station 1 | Station 2 | Station 3 | Station 4 | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.5 m | 5 m | 1.5 m | 5 m | 1.5 m | 5 m | 1.5 m | 5 m | ||
Annelida | |||||||||
Syllidae | 95 | 254 | 113 | 222 | 265 | 144 | 89 | 90 | 1272 |
Cirratulidae | 31 | 4 | 17 | 4 | 191 | 10 | 22 | 10 | 289 |
Nereididae | 84 | 58 | 13 | 15 | 57 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 261 |
Eunicidae | 20 | 35 | 20 | 42 | 53 | 35 | 6 | 19 | 230 |
Lumbrineridae | 25 | 9 | 20 | 26 | 43 | 10 | 8 | 9 | 150 |
Ophelidae | 8 | 14 | 24 | 24 | 20 | 29 | 6 | 19 | 144 |
Sipunculidae | 4 | 7 | - | 35 | 61 | 15 | - | 9 | 131 |
Terebellidae | 9 | 16 | 17 | 29 | 17 | 14 | 13 | 16 | 131 |
Sabellariidae | 8 | 18 | 7 | 19 | 12 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 80 |
Capitellidae | 3 | 5 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 15 | 8 | 7 | 56 |
Spionidae | - | 10 | 2 | 17 | 6 | 8 | 5 | 1 | 49 |
Hesionidae | - | 2 | - | 7 | 2 | 20 | 2 | 9 | 42 |
Mollusca | |||||||||
Gastropoda (Prosobranchia) | 23 | 82 | 75 | 80 | 62 | 49 | 63 | 67 | 501 |
Bivalvia | 237 | 62 | 49 | 40 | 42 | 42 | 15 | 11 | 498 |
Polyplacophora | 41 | 15 | 71 | 5 | 70 | - | 27 | 1 | 230 |
Gastropoda (Vermicularidae) | 36 | - | 40 | - | 13 | - | - | - | 89 |
Arthropoda | |||||||||
Amphipoda | 369 | 127 | 364 | 180 | 592 | 192 | 281 | 108 | 2213 |
Tanaidacea | 30 | 40 | 174 | 29 | 178 | 54 | 121 | 19 | 645 |
Isopoda | 72 | 17 | 79 | 5 | 77 | 26 | 23 | 3 | 302 |
Decapoda | 29 | 9 | 10 | 13 | 20 | 19 | 3 | 11 | 114 |
Insecta (Diptera, Chironomidae) | 6 | - | 25 | - | 62 | - | - | - | 93 |
Cirripedia | 22 | 33 | 15 | - | 1 | 3 | - | - | 74 |
Nematoda | 36 | 48 | 77 | 91 | 377 | 47 | 63 | 48 | 787 |
Nemertea | - | - | 29 | - | 15 | - | 4 | - | 48 |
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Taxon | Station 1 | Station 2 | Station 3 | Station 4 | Total | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.5 m | 5 m | 1.5 m | 5 m | 1.5 m | 5 m | 1.5 m | 5 m | ||
Sabellidae | |||||||||
Amphicorina armandi (Claparède, 1864) | - | 2 | - | 5 | - | 3 | 5 | 5 | 20 |
Amphicorina armandi (Claparède, 1864) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20 | 1 | 21 |
Amphiglena spp. | 28 | 54 | 20 | 82 | 224 | 61 | 59 | 50 | 578 |
Branchiomma bombyx (Dalyell, 1853) | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | - | 1 | 3 |
Chone collaris Langerhans, 1881 | - | - | - | - | - | 10 | - | 3 | 13 |
Parasabella saxicola (Grube, 1861) | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
Parasabella langerhansi (Knight-Jones, 1983) | - | 1 | - | 3 | - | 4 | - | 1 | 9 |
Parasabella tenuicollaris (Grube, 1861) | 1 | 2 | - | 2 | - | - | - | - | 5 |
Laonome sp. | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
Perkinsiana socialis (Langerhans, 1884) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9 | 2 | 11 |
Pseudopotamilla saxicava (Quatrefages, 1866) | 1 | - | 1 | 11 | 7 | 7 | - | - | 27 |
Fabriciidae | |||||||||
Fabricia sabella (Ehrenberg, 1836) | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
Novafabricia posidoniae Licciano & Giangrande, 2006 | - | 1 | - | - | 7 | - | 1 | - | 9 |
Serpulidae | |||||||||
Hydroides elegans (Haswell, 1883) | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
Hydroides nigra Zibrowius, 1971 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | - | - | - | - | 9 |
Hydroides pseudouncinata Zibrowius, 1968 | 3 | 12 | 6 | 9 | 1 | - | - | 2 | 33 |
Hydroides ind. | - | 38 | 33 | 30 | 35 | 2 | - | 5 | 143 |
Janua heterostropha (Montagu, 1803) | - | 18 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 18 |
Serpula concharum Langerhans, 1880 | 1 | 4 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 6 |
Spirobranchus polytrema (Philippi, 1844) | 1 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 6 |
Vermiliopsis striaticeps (Grube, 1862) | - | 3 | 2 | 4 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 12 |
Spirorbidae ind. | - | - | - | 5 | - | - | - | - | 5 |
df | MS | Pseudo-F | P(perm) | U.P. | P(MC) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(a) | ||||||
st | 3 | 1438.1 | 0.90797 | 0.4929 | 9958 | 0.4519 |
de | 1 | 4.1667 | 1.4059 × 10−3 | 0.9151 | 425 | 0.9734 |
st × de | 3 | 2963.6 | 1.8711 | 0.1407 | 9953 | 0.1714 |
Res | 16 | 1583.9 | ||||
(b) | ||||||
st | 3 | 7.8889 | 3.3216 | 0.0431 | 9917 | 0.0478 |
de | 1 | 60.167 | 32.818 | 0.0313 | 113 | 0.0091 |
st × de | 3 | 1.8333 | 0.77193 | 0.5344 | 9877 | 0.522 |
Res | 16 | 2.375 |
df | MS | Pseudo-F | P(perm) | U.P. | P(MC) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(a) | ||||||
st | 3 | 2508.6 | 1.6939 | 0.055 | 9910 | 0.074 |
de | 1 | 2624.6 | 1.1371 | 0.3891 | 424 | 0.3772 |
st × de | 3 | 2308.1 | 1.5585 | 0.1099 | 9925 | 0.124 |
Res | 16 | 1480.9 | ||||
(b) | ||||||
st | 3 | 3756.4 | 3.3305 | 0.0001 | 9935 | 0.0011 |
de | 1 | 4554.7 | 2.4863 | 0.1547 | 425 | 0.1065 |
st × de | 3 | 1831.9 | 1.6242 | 0.09 | 9947 | 0.1136 |
Res | 16 | 1127.9 |
Stations 1 and 2. Average Dissimilarity = 46.45 | ||||||
Stat 1 | Stat 2 | |||||
Species | Av.Abund | Av.Abund | Av.Diss | Diss/SD | Contrib% | Cum.% |
Vermiliopsis striaticeps | 0.17 | 0.83 | 6.51 | 1.41 | 14.02 | 14.02 |
Spirobranchus polytrema | 0.50 | 1.00 | 5.30 | 0.91 | 11.41 | 25.43 |
Pseudopotamilla saxicava | 0.17 | 0.67 | 5.03 | 1.11 | 10.82 | 36.26 |
Hydroides nigra | 0.50 | 0.67 | 4.78 | 0.91 | 10.29 | 46.55 |
Hydroides ind. | 0.50 | 0.00 | 4.18 | 0.94 | 8.99 | 55.53 |
Parasabella langerhansi | 0.17 | 0.50 | 3.84 | 0.97 | 8.26 | 63.80 |
Parasabella tenuicollaris | 0.33 | 0.33 | 3.75 | 0.84 | 8.07 | 71.87 |
Stations 1 and 3. Average Dissimilarity = 61.47 | ||||||
Stat 1 | Stat 3 | |||||
Species | Av.Abund | Av.Abund | Av.Diss | Diss/SD | Contrib% | Cum.% |
Hydroides pseudouncinata | 0.83 | 0.17 | 8.49 | 1.28 | 13.82 | 13.82 |
Spirobranchus polytrema | 0.50 | 0.67 | 6.12 | 0.91 | 9.95 | 23.77 |
Hydroides ind. | 0.50 | 0.00 | 5.14 | 0.95 | 8.36 | 32.13 |
Hydroides nigra | 0.50 | 0.00 | 4.68 | 0.94 | 7.61 | 39.74 |
Serpula concharum | 0.33 | 0.17 | 4.47 | 0.69 | 7.27 | 47.01 |
Pseudopotamilla saxicava | 0.17 | 0.33 | 4.41 | 0.72 | 7.18 | 54.18 |
Novafabricia posidoniae | 0.17 | 0.33 | 4.40 | 0.74 | 7.16 | 61.34 |
Parasabella tenuicollaris | 0.33 | 0.00 | 3.65 | 0.68 | 5.94 | 67.28 |
Amphicorina armandi | 0.17 | 0.33 | 3.56 | 0.77 | 5.79 | 73.07 |
Stations 2 and 3. Average Dissimilarity = 55.57 | ||||||
Stat 2 | Stat 3 | |||||
Species | Av.Abund | Av.Abund | Av.Diss | Diss/SD | Contrib% | Cum.% |
Hydroides pseudouncinata | 1.00 | 0.17 | 7.93 | 1.75 | 14.28 | 14.28 |
Vermiliopsis striaticeps | 0.83 | 0.17 | 6.48 | 1.38 | 11.67 | 25.94 |
Hydroides nigra | 0.67 | 0.00 | 6.23 | 1.25 | 11.21 | 37.15 |
Pseudopotamilla saxicava | 0.67 | 0.33 | 4.97 | 1.05 | 8.95 | 46.10 |
Parasabella langerhansi | 0.50 | 0.33 | 4.18 | 0.98 | 7.53 | 53.63 |
Amphicorina armandi | 0.33 | 0.33 | 3.56 | 0.87 | 6.41 | 60.04 |
Spirobranchus polytrema | 1.00 | 0.67 | 3.28 | 0.64 | 5.90 | 65.93 |
Novafabricia posidoniae | 0.00 | 0.33 | 3.23 | 0.67 | 5.82 | 71.75 |
Stations 1 and 4. Average Dissimilarity = 62.07 | ||||||
Stat 1 | Stat 4 | |||||
Species | Av.Abund | Av.Abund | Av.Diss | Diss/SD | Contrib% | Cum.% |
Hydroides pseudouncinata | 0.83 | 0.33 | 8.02 | 0.98 | 12.92 | 12.92 |
Perkinsiana socialis | 0.00 | 0.67 | 7.21 | 1.23 | 11.62 | 24.54 |
Hydroides ind. | 0.50 | 0.50 | 5.54 | 0.95 | 8.92 | 33.46 |
Spirobranchus politrema | 0.50 | 0.17 | 5.39 | 0.93 | 8.69 | 42.14 |
Amphicorina armandi | 0.17 | 0.50 | 5.39 | 0.91 | 8.68 | 50.83 |
Hydroides nigra | 0.50 | 0.00 | 4.79 | 0.93 | 7.72 | 58.55 |
Parasabella tenuicollaris | 0.33 | 0.00 | 3.76 | 0.67 | 6.06 | 64.61 |
Amphicorina eimeri | 0.00 | 0.33 | 3.39 | 0.66 | 5.47 | 70.07 |
Stations 2 and 4. Average Dissimilarity = 60.34 | ||||||
Stat 2 | Stat 4 | |||||
Species | Av.Abund | Av.Abund | Av.Diss | Diss/SD | Contrib% | Cum.% |
Hydroides pseudouncinata | 1.00 | 0.33 | 7.00 | 1.19 | 11.61 | 11.61 |
Vermiliopsis striaticeps | 0.83 | 0.17 | 6.89 | 1.36 | 11.42 | 23.02 |
Hydroides nigra | 0.67 | 0.00 | 6.40 | 1.21 | 10.60 | 33.62 |
Perkinsiana socialis | 0.00 | 0.67 | 6.00 | 1.27 | 9.95 | 43.57 |
Hydroides ind. | 1.00 | 0.50 | 5.76 | 0.90 | 9.55 | 53.12 |
Pseudopotamilla saxicava | 0.67 | 0.00 | 5.54 | 1.30 | 9.18 | 62.30 |
Amphicorina armandi | 0.33 | 0.50 | 4.57 | 0.93 | 7.57 | 69.87 |
Parasabella langerhansi | 0.50 | 0.17 | 4.13 | 0.95 | 6.84 | 76.72 |
Stations 3 and 4. Average Dissimilarity = 60.09 | ||||||
Stat 3 | Stat 4 | |||||
Species | Av.Abund | Av.Abund | Av.Diss | Diss/SD | Contrib% | Cum.% |
Perkinsiana socialis | 0.00 | 0.67 | 7.55 | 1.25 | 12.57 | 12.57 |
Spirobranchus polytrema | 0.67 | 0.50 | 6.73 | 0.89 | 11.20 | 23.77 |
Amphicorina armandi | 0.33 | 0.50 | 5.78 | 0.92 | 9.61 | 33.38 |
Novafabricia posidoniae | 0.33 | 0.17 | 4.95 | 0.73 | 8.23 | 41.61 |
Hydroides pseudouncinata | 0.17 | 0.33 | 4.43 | 0.74 | 7.37 | 48.98 |
Chone collaris | 0.33 | 0.17 | 3.94 | 0.76 | 6.56 | 55.54 |
Parasabella langerhansi | 0.33 | 0.17 | 3.94 | 0.76 | 6.56 | 62.10 |
Pseudopotamilla saxicava | 0.33 | 0.00 | 3.66 | 0.65 | 6.09 | 68.19 |
Amphicorina eimeri | 0.00 | 0.33 | 3.55 | 0.66 | 5.90 | 74.09 |
Variable | SS(Trace) | Pseudo-F | p | Prop. | Cumul. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Syllidae | 7039.8 | 45.916 | 0.0014 | 0.17267 | 0.17267 |
sediment | 3718.1 | 26.016 | 0.0269 | 0.091198 | 0.26387 |
Sabellariidae | 3925.7 | 30.098 | 0.0097 | 0.09629 | 0.36016 |
Cirripedia | 2657.7 | 21.554 | 0.041 | 0.065189 | 0.42535 |
Tanaidacea | 2769.0 | 24.125 | 0.0137 | 0.067917 | 0.49327 |
Halimeda tuna | 2289.1 | 21.183 | 0.0404 | 0.056146 | 0.54941 |
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Musco, L.; Licciano, M.; Giangrande, A. Diversity and Distribution of Sabellida (Annelida) under Protection Regimes. Water 2021, 13, 1491. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111491
Musco L, Licciano M, Giangrande A. Diversity and Distribution of Sabellida (Annelida) under Protection Regimes. Water. 2021; 13(11):1491. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111491
Chicago/Turabian StyleMusco, Luigi, Margherita Licciano, and Adriana Giangrande. 2021. "Diversity and Distribution of Sabellida (Annelida) under Protection Regimes" Water 13, no. 11: 1491. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111491
APA StyleMusco, L., Licciano, M., & Giangrande, A. (2021). Diversity and Distribution of Sabellida (Annelida) under Protection Regimes. Water, 13(11), 1491. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13111491