Sensitive versus Rough Dependence under Initial Conditions in Atmospheric Flow Regimes
by
Anthony R. Lupo 1,*
, Y. Charles Li 2, Z. C. Feng 3, Neil I. Fox 1, Jordan L. Rabinowitz 1 and Micheal J. Simpson 1
Anthony R. Lupo 1,*, Y. Charles Li 2, Z. C. Feng 3, Neil I. Fox 1, Jordan L. Rabinowitz 1 and Micheal J. Simpson 1
1
Department of Soil, Environmental, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
2
Department of Mathematics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
3
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Robert W. Talbot
Atmosphere 2016, 7(12), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7120157
Received: 5 October 2016 / Revised: 28 November 2016 / Accepted: 30 November 2016 / Published: 5 December 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The 1st International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences)
In this work, we will identify the existence of “rough dependence on initial conditions” in atmospheric phenomena, a concept which is a problem for weather analysis and forecasting. Typically, two initially similar atmospheric states will diverge slowly over time such that forecasting the weather using the Navier-Stokes equations is useless after some characteristic time scale. With rough dependence, two initial states diverge very quickly, implying forecasting may be impossible. Using previous research in atmospheric science, rough dependence is characterized by using quantities that can be calculated using atmospheric data and quantities. Rough dependence will be tested for and identified in atmospheric phenomena at different time scales using case studies. Data were provided for this project by archives outside the University of Missouri (MU) and by using the MU RADAR at the South Farm experiment station.
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Keywords:
rough dependence on initial conditions; sensitive dependence on initial conditions; RADAR; blocking
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lupo, A.R.; Li, Y.C.; Feng, Z.C.; Fox, N.I.; Rabinowitz, J.L.; Simpson, M.J. Sensitive versus Rough Dependence under Initial Conditions in Atmospheric Flow Regimes. Atmosphere 2016, 7, 157.
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