Development of 44 Novel Polymorphic SSR Markers for Determination of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes) Cultivars
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fungi Materials
2.2. DNA Preparationument
2.3. Discovery of SSR Markers
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
- International Mycological Association. Mycobank Database Fungal Databases, Nomenclature and Species Banks. Available online: http://www.mycobank.org/ (accessed on 29 September 2016).
- Bak, W.C.; Park, Y.A.; Park, J.H. KFRI Forest Policy Issue: Present Situation and Future of Oak Mushroom Industry; Korea Forest Research Institute: Seoul, Korea, 2013; p. 17. [Google Scholar]
- Kim, K.H.; Ka, K.H.; Kang, J.H.; Kim, S.; Lee, J.W.; Jeon, B.K.; Yun, J.K.; Park, S.R.; Lee, H.J. Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers in the Laccase Gene of Shiitake Mushrooms (Lentinula edodes). Mycobiology 2015, 43, 75–80. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Royse, D.J. A global perspective on the high five: Agaricus, Pleurotus, Lentinula, Auricularia & Flammulina. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products, New Delhi, India, 19–22 November 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Chihara, G.; Hamuro, J.; Maeda, Y.; Arai, Y.; Fukuoka, F. Fractionation and Purification of the Polysaccharides with Marked Antitumor Activity, Especially Lentinan, from Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing, (an Edible Mushroom). Cancer Res. 1970, 30, 2776–2781. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Bisen, P.S.; Baghel, R.K.; Sanodiya, B.S.; Thakur, G.S.; Prasad, G.B. Lentinus edodes: A macrofungus with pharmacological activities. Curr. Med. Chem. 2010, 17, 2419–2430. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chakravarty, B. Trends in mushroom cultivation and breeding. Aust. J. Agric. Eng. 2011, 2, 102–109. [Google Scholar]
- Forest Mushroom Research Center. Cultivation Technique of Oak Mushroom; Forest Mushroom Research Center: Yeoju, Korea, 2015; pp. 58–60. [Google Scholar]
- Sonnenberg, A.S.M.; Johan, J.P.B.; Patrick, M.H.; Brian, L.; Wei, G.; Amrah, W.; Jurriaan, J.M. Breeding and strain protection in the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products, Arcachon, France, 4–7 October 2011; pp. 7–15. [Google Scholar]
- Kulkarni, R.K. DNA Polymorphisms in Lentinula edodes, the Shiitake Mushroom. App. Environ. Microbiol. 1991, 57, 1735–1739. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, Y.; Molina, F.I. Strain typing of Lentinula edodes by random amplified polymorphic DNA assay. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 1995, 131, 17–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fu, L.Z.; Zhang, H.Y.; Wu, X.Q.; Li, H.B.; Wei, H.L.; Wu, Q.Q.; Wang, L.A. Evaluation of genetic diversity in Lentinula edodes strains using RAPD, ISSR and SRAP markers. World J. Microbl. Biotech. 2010, 26, 709–716. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, X.; Li, H.; Zhao, W.; Fu, L.; Peng, H.; He, L.; Cheng, J. SCAR makers and multiplex PCR-based rapid molecular typing of Lentinula edodes strains. Curr. Microbiol. 2010, 61, 381–389. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Terashima, K.; Matsumoto, T. Strain typing of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) cultivars by AFLP analysis, focusing on a heat-dried fruiting body. Mycoscience 2004, 45, 79–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, R.; Huang, C.; Zheng, S.; Zhang, J.; Ng, T.B.; Jiang, R.; Zuo, X.; Wang, H. Strain-typing of Lentinula edodes in China with inter simple sequence repeat markers. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2007, 74, 140–145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liu, J.; Wang, Z.R.; Li, C.; Bian, Y.B.; Xiao, Y. Evaluating genetic diversity and constructing core collections of Chinese Lentinula edodes cultivars using ISSR and SRAP markers. J. Basic Microbiol. 2015, 55, 749–760. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, H.B.; Wu, X.Q.; Peng, H.Z.; Fu, L.Z.; Wei, H.L.; Wu, Q.Q.; Jin, Q.Y.; Li, N. New available SCAR markers: Potentially useful in distinguishing a commercial strain of the superior type from other strains of Lentinula edodes in China. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008, 81, 303–309. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liu, J.Y.; Ying, Z.H.; Liu, F.; Liu, X.R.; Xie, B.G. Evaluation of the use of SCAR markers for screening genetic diversity of Lentinula edodes strains. Curr. Microbiol. 2012, 64, 317–325. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Miah, G.; Rafii, M.Y.; Ismail, M.R.; Puteh, A.B.; Rahim, H.A.; Islam, Kh.N.; Latif, M.A. A review of microsatellite markers and their applications in rice breeding programs to improve blast disease resistance. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 22499–22528. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xiao, Y.; Liu, W.; Dai, Y.; Fu, C.; Bian, Y. Using SSR markers to evaluate the genetic diversity of Lentinula edodes’ natural germplasm in China. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2010, 26, 527–536. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zalapa, J.E.; Cuevas, H.; Zhu, H.; Steffan, S.; Senalik, D.; Zeldin, E.; McCown, B.; Harbut, R.; Simon, P. Using next-generation sequencing approaches to isolate simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in the plant sciences. Am. J. Bot. 2012, 99, 193–208. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ekblom, R.; Galindo, J. Applications of next generation sequencing in molecular ecology of non-model organisms. Heredity 2011, 107, 1–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Shim, D.; Park, S.G.; Kim, K.; Bae, W.; Lee, G.W.; Ha, B.S.; Ro, H.S.; Kim, M.; Ryoo, R.; Rhee, S.K.; et al. Whole genome de novo sequencing and genome annotation of the world popular cultivated edible mushroom, Lentinula edodes. J. Biotechnol. 2016, 223, 24–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Liu, K.; Muse, S.V. PowerMarker: A intergrated analysis environment for genetic marker analysis. Bioinformatics 2005, 21, 2128–2129. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, R.Y.; Hu, D.D.; Gu, J.G.; Hi, Q.X.; Zuo, X.M.; Wnag, H.X. Development of SSR markers for typing cultivars in the mushroom Auricularia auricula-judae. Mycol. Prog. 2012, 11, 578–592. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Foulongne-Oriol, M.; Spataro, M.; Savoie, J.M. Novel microsatellite markers suitable for genetic studies in the white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2009, 84, 1125–1135. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, R.; Hu, D.; Zhang, J.; Zuo, X.; Jiang, R.; Wang, H.; Ng, T.B. Development and characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for the mushroom Flammulina velutipes. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 2010, 110, 273–275. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ma, K.H.; Lee, G.A.; Lee, S.Y.; Gwag, J.G.; Kim, T.S.; Kong, W.S.; Seo, K.I.; Lee, G.S.; Park, Y.J. Development and characterization of new microsatellite markers for the oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2009, 19, 851–857. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
No. | Strain Name | Cultivar Name |
---|---|---|
1 | KFRI 623 | Baekhwahyang |
2 | KFRI 174 | Soohyangko |
3 | KFRI 551 | Poongnyunko |
4 | KFRI 2924 | Sanmaru 1 hO |
5 | KFRI 2925 | Sanmaru 2 hO |
6 | SJ101 | Sanjo 101 hO |
7 | SJ102 | Sanjo 102 hO |
8 | SJ103 | Sanjo 103 hO |
9 | SJ108 | Sanjo 108 hO |
10 | SJ109 | Sanjo 109 hO |
11 | SJ110 | Sanjo 110 hO |
12 | SJ111 | Sanjo 111 hO |
13 | SJ301 | Sanjo 301 hO |
14 | SJ501 | Sanjo 501 hO |
15 | SJ702 | Sanjo 702 hO |
16 | SJ704 | Sanjo 704 hO |
17 | SJ705 | Sanjo 705 hO |
18 | SJ706 | Sanjo 706 hO |
19 | SJ707 | Sanjo 707 hO |
20 | SJ708 | Sanjo 708 hO |
21 | SJ709 | Sanjo 709 hO |
22 | SJ710 | Sanjo 710 hO |
23 | SJCAR | Chamaram |
Marker | Primer Sequences (5′–3′) | Expected Size | Motif | GenBank Accession No. | Ta (°C) | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RL-LE-017 | F: GTGCACTGTGCGATTGTTC | 199 | CA | NM-0418-000001 | 59 | Subtilase family, Pro-kumamolisin, activation domain |
R: CAGCAAGGATGACTCTTGGA | ||||||
RL-LE-018 | F: CCCACAGGTTTACAGAGTTCCT | 152 | TA | NM-0418-000002 | 59 | - |
R: GTGGACATCCACCTTTTGTC | ||||||
RL-LE-019 | F: TACTTTCGAAGCCAGCCA | 191 | CTTCC | NM-0418-000003 | 58 | - |
R: GTAGCTCTTTAGGTCTGCTTGG | ||||||
RL-LE-020 | F: GACGGAGTTGTCAAGATCTACC | 173 | AT | NM-0418-000004 | 58 | - |
R: ACCTAGGCTTTGCTCTACACAG | ||||||
RL-LE-021 | F: GCTTGAAGAGCGAGTTTGAG | 200 | AG | NM-0418-000005 | 58 | Uso1/p115-like vesicle tethering protein, head region |
R: CAAGACACGCTTCGTAGTCA | ||||||
RL-LE-022 | F: CAAACGAAGGAGGAGGTAGTTC | 199 | GCA | NM-0418-000006 | 60 | - |
R: GAGTCCATTACTCATCGTGCTG | ||||||
RL-LE-023 | F: GAGGTAGCACCAGTTGAGGTAA | 150 | AGA | NM-0418-000007 | 59 | - |
R: ATAAGACTTCGTCTCGTCCTGC | ||||||
RL-LE-024 | F: GTAAGGCTTTAGGACTCGTCG | 187 | TC | NM-0418-000008 | 59 | - |
R: CCACAGATGTTTCCGAGTTG | ||||||
RL-LE-025 | F: TTGGGAGATGCGAGTAGTTC | 200 | AT | NM-0418-000009 | 58 | PCI domain, 26S proteasome subunit RPN7 |
R: ATTCAGTCGCTCAGTAGGAGAC | ||||||
RL-LE-026 | F: GATTTGACGCTCACATCCC | 197 | AG | NM-0418-000010 | 59 | - |
R: CCCCTAAGTATGAGCTTCCGTA | ||||||
RL-LE-027 | F: GGGTCACAAGAGCAATGTAGAC | 192 | CT | NM-0418-000011 | 59 | - |
R: CTGTATGGTGATCAAGGACGAG | ||||||
RL-LE-028 | F: GAGACGACACGAGGAATTTG | 174 | CA | NM-0418-000012 | 59 | Ras family |
R: GTCGTTCTCATTGGAGACTCTG | ||||||
RL-LE-029 | F: CAAGATCCGTCGCCATATAC | 178 | GGA | NM-0418-000013 | 58 | - |
R: AACTCACCCTCGTCTACCTCTAC | ||||||
RL-LE-030 | F: CTTGGGAAGGAGGAATGG | 164 | TACT | NM-0418-000014 | 59 | - |
R: GTGGGACCAATATGAGGACAGT | ||||||
RL-LE-031 | F: ACTTCAGTTACAGCGACTCTGC | 194 | CAG | NM-0418-000015 | 58 | PAS domain, PAS domain |
R: GTCGGAGACTGTGCGTTC | ||||||
RL-LE-032 | F: GTAGAAGGTGCACCAGTTTCTG | 190 | AGG | NM-0418-000016 | 59 | - |
R: CGTCTCTTACCAGGAATCACAC | ||||||
RL-LE-033 | F: GACAGAAGAAGGACTTACCAGC | 197 | CT | NM-0418-000017 | 58 | - |
R: CCAGAGCCCAAGGATAACTT | ||||||
RL-LE-034 | F: AGGTGGAGTTGAGTGTTTGAGG | 170 | TA | NM-0418-000018 | 59 | - |
R: AGTCTCAGGAGACCTTCACTAGC | ||||||
RL-LE-035 | F: GTCGGAAGCTTTATGACACG | 196 | GAG | NM-0418-000019 | 58 | - |
R: TCAACTTTCTGCTCCCTCAC | ||||||
RL-LE-036 | F: TCTAGCTCGGTGAGCAATGT | 181 | CG | NM-0418-000020 | 59 | - |
R: GAGACCTTGAGGAAGAGACTCC | ||||||
RL-LE-037 | F: CTCTCATCCTTAAGAACCTCCC | 198 | CGA | NM-0418-000021 | 59 | - |
R: GAGAAGCTTACATATGGTCCCG | ||||||
RL-LE-038 | F: CGTTTGAGTGTCAACGGTCT | 199 | AT | NM-0418-000022 | 59 | - |
R: CATGTCAGACTAGTCAGGGGTC | ||||||
RL-LE-039 | F: GTACGAGGACAGCAATACAGC | 200 | GA | NM-0418-000023 | 58 | - |
R: GCTTCTATATCTCCTCTGCCCT | ||||||
RL-LE-040 | F: GGTTTCCTCTCACACCTTACCT | 178 | CT | NM-0418-000024 | 59 | - |
R: GAAAATGTGCTGTAGCGAGC | ||||||
RL-LE-041 | F: GGTGTATAAAGAGAGCCCTTGG | 153 | AG | NM-0418-000025 | 59 | SNF2 family N-terminal domain, Ring finger domain |
R: CCCCTTATCCAGTCTACTGCTAC | ||||||
RL-LE-042 | F: TCCTCTGCTTCACTAAGTCTCC | 167 | TCG | NM-0418-000026 | 58 | STAG domain |
R: AGTACTCGCAAGGCAGGTAAG | ||||||
RL-LE-043 | F: GTTCGTCACTCGGTACTTTCC | 177 | AC | NM-0418-000027 | 58 | - |
R: AGATGCAGGAGTATGACCTGAC | ||||||
RL-LE-044 | F: GTAAGCCTAAGGAGGGTGGAG | 198 | GGA | NM-0418-000028 | 59 | WH1 domain, P21-Rho-binding domain |
R: CACCTCCTTCATCTGGTCC | ||||||
RL-LE-045 | F: ACATCTGAGAGGTCGTACGCT | 164 | CA | NM-0418-000029 | 59 | Cytochrome b5-like heme/steroid binding domain, Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, C-terminal domain |
R: GTACCGAAGCGAGCAAGTT | ||||||
RL-LE-046 | F: GCACGCAGTGATGAATAGAGAG | 154 | AG | NM-0418-000030 | 60 | Cytochrome P450 |
R: ACACTTACGGATTTGGCAGG | ||||||
RL-LE-047 | F: CTACCACTCGTCACTCCTTAGGT | 194 | TC | NM-0418-000031 | 60 | - |
R: GAAGGAGTGTGAAGCTGAAACC | ||||||
RL-LE-048 | F: GTGGTGAAGTTACCGACAGG | 197 | GC | NM-0418-000032 | 58 | Pectate lyase |
R: AGGTGCCCAACTTCTGGT | ||||||
RL-LE-049 | F: GCTACCTAGATCCTCCTAGATCG | 184 | GA | NM-0418-000033 | 58 | - |
R: GACTACGTCAAGTTGAGGATGC | ||||||
RL-LE-050 | F: TACCCGAAGGAACTAACGAGTC | 200 | TG | NM-0418-000034 | 59 | - |
R: GTCGTCGTATAACGACTCATCC | ||||||
RL-LE-051 | F: ACTCTGCTGCCACTCTTGAC | 172 | CT | NM-0418-000035 | 58 | Short chain dehydrogenase |
R: GACCGTCTCTAGCTTCTTGATG | ||||||
RL-LE-052 | F: CTAAAGCAACGGTAGACGTAGG | 178 | GCT | NM-0418-000036 | 58 | - |
R: ACAACAAACGCTAGAGCGAG | ||||||
RL-LE-053 | F: CTCAACGTCTCATTCCCTTC | 179 | GTT | NM-0418-000037 | 58 | - |
R: CTCGAGTTGAGGGTGAGGTTAT | ||||||
RL-LE-054 | F: GAATCAGCTAGACCATCTCTGC | 200 | GAT | NM-0418-000038 | 58 | - |
R: TCTTTACCCGTCTTGTCTGC | ||||||
RL-LE-055 | F: CTGGGGATAGTGATATCGAGAG | 165 | CTTT | NM-0418-000039 | 58 | - |
R: GTAAACCCGCTCCTTTGTGT | ||||||
RL-LE-056 | F: GCGGTCCTGAGTACAAAGTAGT | 159 | TATC | NM-0418-000040 | 58 | - |
R: CTACGTACGGAGGAATCTAGTGC | ||||||
RL-LE-057 | F: AGGAGAACGGAACCGAAGTTAC | 160 | AT | NM-0418-000041 | 59 | Protein of unknown function DUF262 |
R: CAGTAGACGTTGCTTACTGCAC | ||||||
RL-LE-058 | F: GTCGTAGAACTTGCACGAGTC | 163 | GCA | NM-0418-000042 | 57 | - |
R: GAAGTTCTCCGCTATCCTCTC | ||||||
RL-LE-059 | F: CGGAGATGTACCAATTCCTG | 193 | TG | NM-0418-000043 | 59 | - |
R: GCATTCGCCGTCTATACGAT | ||||||
RL-LE-060 | F: ACTCAGCGCACATCTAGCTT | 191 | TCA | NM-0418-000044 | 58 | - |
R: CAGGGAGAAGAAAGTCACGA |
Marker | MAF | NG | NA | HO | HE | PIC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RL-LE-017 | 0.13 | 11 | 11 | 0.00 | 0.9 | 0.89 |
RL-LE-018 | 0.29 | 6 | 6 | 0.08 | 0.77 | 0.74 |
RL-LE-019 | 0.41 | 7 | 5 | 0.87 | 0.68 | 0.63 |
RL-LE-020 | 0.67 | 3 | 3 | 0.00 | 0.5 | 0.45 |
RL-LE-021 | 0.52 | 11 | 10 | 0.43 | 0.68 | 0.66 |
RL-LE-022 | 0.70 | 5 | 4 | 0.04 | 0.48 | 0.45 |
RL-LE-023 | 0.63 | 6 | 5 | 0.09 | 0.55 | 0.51 |
RL-LE-024 | 0.80 | 4 | 4 | 0.13 | 0.33 | 0.31 |
RL-LE-025 | 0.43 | 7 | 6 | 0.64 | 0.72 | 0.68 |
RL-LE-026 | 0.34 | 9 | 6 | 0.68 | 0.74 | 0.69 |
RL-LE-027 | 0.50 | 5 | 5 | 0.26 | 0.64 | 0.58 |
RL-LE-028 | 0.37 | 6 | 4 | 0.35 | 0.73 | 0.68 |
RL-LE-029 | 0.81 | 3 | 3 | 0.00 | 0.32 | 0.29 |
RL-LE-030 | 0.65 | 4 | 3 | 0.26 | 0.51 | 0.46 |
RL-LE-031 | 0.46 | 4 | 6 | 1.00 | 0.68 | 0.63 |
RL-LE-032 | 0.87 | 3 | 4 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.22 |
RL-LE-033 | 0.46 | 10 | 9 | 0.48 | 0.72 | 0.69 |
RL-LE-034 | 0.50 | 6 | 6 | 0.22 | 0.68 | 0.64 |
RL-LE-035 | 0.65 | 5 | 5 | 0.17 | 0.52 | 0.47 |
RL-LE-036 | 0.72 | 3 | 3 | 0.04 | 0.42 | 0.35 |
RL-LE-037 | 0.50 | 6 | 4 | 0.39 | 0.62 | 0.55 |
RL-LE-038 | 0.39 | 7 | 9 | 1.00 | 0.72 | 0.68 |
RL-LE-039 | 0.50 | 3 | 3 | 0.13 | 0.56 | 0.46 |
RL-LE-040 | 0.52 | 6 | 5 | 0.52 | 0.66 | 0.61 |
RL-LE-041 | 0.43 | 4 | 5 | 0.09 | 0.65 | 0.58 |
RL-LE-042 | 0.80 | 4 | 3 | 0.04 | 0.33 | 0.3 |
RL-LE-043 | 0.87 | 2 | 2 | 0.00 | 0.23 | 0.2 |
RL-LE-044 | 0.76 | 3 | 3 | 0.42 | 0.37 | 0.32 |
RL-LE-045 | 0.39 | 6 | 5 | 0.35 | 0.73 | 0.69 |
RL-LE-046 | 0.43 | 7 | 6 | 0.09 | 0.71 | 0.66 |
RL-LE-047 | 0.48 | 10 | 6 | 0.35 | 0.69 | 0.65 |
RL-LE-048 | 0.43 | 8 | 5 | 0.39 | 0.7 | 0.66 |
RL-LE-049 | 0.41 | 4 | 5 | 1.00 | 0.66 | 0.6 |
RL-LE-050 | 0.94 | 2 | 2 | 0.00 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
RL-LE-051 | 0.28 | 9 | 6 | 0.65 | 0.79 | 0.76 |
RL-LE-052 | 0.70 | 5 | 5 | 0.09 | 0.47 | 0.43 |
RL-LE-053 | 0.39 | 10 | 10 | 0.61 | 0.79 | 0.77 |
RL-LE-054 | 0.76 | 5 | 3 | 0.09 | 0.39 | 0.36 |
RL-LE-055 | 0.72 | 4 | 4 | 0.13 | 0.44 | 0.38 |
RL-LE-056 | 0.59 | 5 | 4 | 0.68 | 0.58 | 0.53 |
RL-LE-057 | 0.87 | 3 | 3 | 0.09 | 0.23 | 0.22 |
RL-LE-058 | 0.93 | 3 | 3 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
RL-LE-059 | 0.35 | 6 | 5 | 0.30 | 0.74 | 0.69 |
RL-LE-060 | 0.91 | 2 | 2 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.15 |
Mean | 0.575 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 0.309 | 0.552 | 0.511 |
© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Lee, H.-Y.; Moon, S.; Shim, D.; Hong, C.P.; Lee, Y.; Koo, C.-D.; Chung, J.-W.; Ryu, H. Development of 44 Novel Polymorphic SSR Markers for Determination of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes) Cultivars. Genes 2017, 8, 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes8040109
Lee H-Y, Moon S, Shim D, Hong CP, Lee Y, Koo C-D, Chung J-W, Ryu H. Development of 44 Novel Polymorphic SSR Markers for Determination of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes) Cultivars. Genes. 2017; 8(4):109. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes8040109
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Hwa-Yong, Suyun Moon, Donghwan Shim, Chang Pyo Hong, Yi Lee, Chang-Duck Koo, Jong-Wook Chung, and Hojin Ryu. 2017. "Development of 44 Novel Polymorphic SSR Markers for Determination of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes) Cultivars" Genes 8, no. 4: 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes8040109
APA StyleLee, H.-Y., Moon, S., Shim, D., Hong, C. P., Lee, Y., Koo, C.-D., Chung, J.-W., & Ryu, H. (2017). Development of 44 Novel Polymorphic SSR Markers for Determination of Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinula edodes) Cultivars. Genes, 8(4), 109. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes8040109