Is There a Difference in the Proteomic Profile of Stimulated and Unstimulated Saliva Samples from Pregnant Women with/without Obesity and Periodontitis?
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Statement
2.2. Sample Selection
2.3. Grouping Variables
2.4. Saliva Collection
2.5. Sample Preparation for Proteomic Analysis
2.6. Proteomic Analysis by nLC-ESI-MS/MS
2.7. Statistical Analysis and Bioinformatics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Ventura, T.M.S.; Ribeiro, N.R.; Dionizio, A.S.; Sabino, I.T.; Buzalaf, M.A.R. Standardization of a protocol for shotgun proteomic analysis of saliva. J. Appl. Oral Sci. 2018, 26, e20170561. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Wang, X.; Kaczor-Urbanowicz, K.E.; Wong, D.T. Salivary biomarkers in cancer detection. Med. Oncol. 2017, 34, 7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed][Green Version]
- Tsuchida, S. Proteome analysis of molecular events in oral pathogenesis and virus: A review with a particular focus on periodontitis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 5184. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sachdeva, R.; Kumar, N.; Brache, V.; Friedland, B.A.; Plagianos, M.; Zhang, S.; Kizima, L.; Cochon, L.; Tabar, A.S.T.; Blanc, A.; et al. New approaches for developing biomarkers of hormonal contraceptive use. Sci. Rep. 2023, 13, 245. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Endalifer, M.L.; Diress, G. Epidemiology, predisposing factors, biomarkers, and prevention mechanism of obesity: A systematic review. J. Obes. 2020, 2020, 6134362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Furugen, R.; Hayashida, H.; Kitamura, M.; Saito, T. Relationship between adipokines and periodontitis. Jpn. Dent. Sci. Rev. 2010, 46, 159–164. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Huang, L.-Y.; Chiu, C.-J.; Hsing, C.-H.; Hsu, Y.-H. Interferon Family Cytokines in Obesity and Insulin Sensitivity. Cells 2022, 11, 4041. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ostrowska, L.; Smarkusz-Zarzecka, J.; Gornowicz, A.; Lendzion, K.; Zyśk, B.; Pogodziński, D. Analysis of selected salivary adipokines and cytokines in patients with obesity—A pilot study. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 4145. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Keller, A.; Rohde, J.F.; Raymond, K.; Heitmann, B.L. Association between periodontal disease and overweight and obesity: A systematic review. J. Periodontol. 2015, 86, 766–776. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hatipoglu, O.; Maras, E.; Hatipoglu, F.P.; Saygin, A.G. Salivary flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity in the individuals with obesity and overweight; A meta-analysis. Niger. J. Clin. Pract. 2022, 25, 1126–1142. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vallabhan, C.G.; Sivarajan, S.; Shivkumar, A.D.; Narayanan, V.; Vijayakumar, S.; Indhuja, R.S. Assessment of salivary flow rate in patients with chronic periodontitis. J. Pharm. Bioallied. Sci. 2020, 12, S308–S312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Migliario, M.; Bindi, M.; Surico, D.; De Pedrini, A.; Minsenti, S.; Pezzotti, F.; Mele, B.; Foglio Bonda, P.L. Changes in salivary flow rate and pH in pregnancy. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 2021, 25, 1804–1810. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Starzyńska, A.; Wychowański, P.; Nowak, M.; Sobocki, B.K.; Jereczek-Fossa, B.A.; Słupecka-Ziemilska, M. Association between maternal periodontitis and development of systematic diseases in offspring. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 2473. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Foratori-Junior, G.A.; Ventura, T.M.O.; Grizzo, L.T.; Carpenter, G.H.; Buzalaf, M.A.R.; Sales-Peres, S.H.C. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis reveals inflammatory pattern associated with obesity and periodontitis in pregnant women. Metabolites 2022, 12, 1091. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Foratori-Junior, G.A.; Guennec, A.L.; Fidalgo, T.K.D.S.; Cleaver, L.; Buzalaf, M.A.R.; Carpenter, G.H.; Sales-Peres, S.H.C. Metabolomic profiles associated with obesity and periodontitis during pregnancy: Cross-sectional study with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)-based analysis. Metabolites 2022, 12, 1029. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vandenbroucke, J.P.; von Elm, E.; Altman, D.G.; Gøtzsche, P.C.; Mulrow, C.D.; Pocock, S.J.; Poole, C.; Schlesselman, J.J.; Egger, M. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and elaboration. Int. J. Surg. 2014, 12, 1500–1524. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Ventura, T.M.O.; Ribeiro, N.R.; Taira, E.A.; de Lima Leite, A.; Dionizio, A.; Rubira, C.M.F.; Santos, P.S.S.; Buzalaf, M.A.R. Radiotherapy Changes the Salivary Proteome in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Evaluation before, during, and after Treatment. Clin. Oral Investig. 2022, 26, 225–258. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fusco, N.D.S.; Foratori-Junior, G.A.; Missio, A.L.T.; Jesuino, B.G.; Sales-Peres, S.H.C. Systemic and oral conditions of pregnant women with excessive weight assisted in a private health system. Int. Dent. J. 2019, 69, 472–479. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Caracho, R.A.; Foratori-Junior, G.A.; Fusco, N.D.S.; Jesuino, B.G.; Missio, A.L.T.; Sales-Peres, S.H.C. Systemic conditions and oral health-related quality of life of pregnant women of normal weight and who are overweight. Int. Dent. J. 2020, 70, 287–295. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Foratori-Junior, G.A.; da Silva, B.M.; da Silva Pinto, A.C.; Honório, H.M.; Groppo, F.C.; de Carvalho Sales-Peres, S.H. Systemic and periodontal conditions of overweight/obese patients during pregnancy and after delivery: A prospective cohort. Clin. Oral Investig. 2020, 24, 157–165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Foratori-Junior, G.A.; Jesuino, B.G.; Caracho, R.A.; Orenha, E.S.; Groppo, F.C.; Sales-Peres, S.H.C. Association between excessive maternal weight, periodontitis during the third trimester of pregnancy, and infants’ health at birth. J. Appl. Oral Sci. 2020, 28, e20190351. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jesuino, B.G.; Foratori-Junior, G.A.; Missio, A.L.T.; Mascoli, L.S.; Sales-Peres, S.H.C. Periodontal status of women with excessive gestational weight gain and the association with their newborns’ health. Int. Dent. J. 2020, 70, 396–404. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Foratori-Junior, G.A.; Missio, A.L.T.; Orenha, E.S.; de Carvalho Sales-Peres, S.H. Systemic condition, periodontal status, and quality of life in obese women during pregnancy and after delivery. Int. Dent. J. 2021, 71, 420–428. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Foratori-Junior, G.A.; Mosquim, V.; Buzalaf, M.A.R.; Sales-Peres, S.H.C. Salivary cytokines levels, maternal periodontitis and infants’ weight at birth: A cohort study in pregnant women with obesity. Placenta 2021, 115, 151–157. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tonetti, M.S.; Greenwell, H.; Kornman, K.S. Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2018, 45, S149–S161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Roa, I.; Del Sol, M. Obesity, salivary glands and oral pathology. Colomb. Med. 2018, 49, 280–287. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef][Green Version]
- Golatowski, C.; Salazar, M.G.; Dhople, V.M.; Hammer, E.; Kocher, T.; Jehmlich, N.; Völker, U. Comparative evaluation of saliva collection methods for proteome analysis. Clin. Chim. Acta 2013, 419, 42–46. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ventura, T.M.O.; Santos, P.S.S.; Ribeiro, N.R.; de Lima Leite, A.; Taira, E.A.; Dionizio, A.; Rubira, C.M.F.; Buzalaf, M.A.R. Is there difference in the comparative and quantitative salivary proteome between stimulated and unstimulated saliva in head and neck cancer patients treated by radiotherapy? Oral Oncol. 2021, 118, 105315. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pirovich, D.B.; Da’dara, A.A.; Skelly, P.J. Multifunctional Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase as a therapeutic target. Front. Mol. Biosci. 2021, 8, 719678. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Samland, A.K.; Sprenger, G.A. Transaldolase: From biochemistry to human disease. Int. J. Biochem. Cell. Biol. 2009, 41, 1482–1494. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, L.; Lan, Y.; Du, Y.; Xiang, X.; Tian, W.; Yang, B.; Li, T.; Zhai, Q. Plastin 1 Promotes osteoblast differentiation by regulating intracellular Ca2. Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. 2020, 52, 563–569. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Choi, S.; Baik, J.E.; Jeon, J.H.; Cho, K.; Seo, D.G.; Kum, K.Y.; Yun, C.H.; Han, S.H. Identification of Porphyromonas Gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-binding proteins in human saliva. Mol. Immunol. 2011, 48, 2207–2213. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dey, A.K.; Kumar, B.; Singh, A.K.; Ranjan, P.; Thiruvengadam, R.; Desiraju, B.K.; Kshetrapal, P.; Wadhwa, N.; Bhatnagar, S.; Rashid, F.; et al. Salivary proteome signatures in the early and middle stages of human pregnancy with term birth outcome. Sci. Rep. 2020, 10, 8022. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, H.; Kim, S.; Jeon, S.; Kim, S.; Cho, H.; Choi, Y. Diagnostic and prognostic ability of salivary MMP-9 and S100A8 for periodontitis. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2020, 47, 1191–1200. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Revenstorff, J.; Ludwig, N.; Hilger, A.; Mersmann, S.; Lehmann, M.; Grenzheuser, J.C.; Kardell, M.; Bone, J.; Kötting, N.M.; Marx, N.C.; et al. Role of S100A8/A9 in Platelet-Neutrophil Complex Formation during Acute Inflammation. Cells 2022, 11, 3944. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Motahari, P.; Pourzare Mehrbani, S.; Jabbarvand, H. Evaluation of salivary level of Heat Shock Protein 70 in patients with chronic periodontitis. J. Dent. 2021, 22, 175–179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garlet, G.P. Destructive and protective roles of cytokines in periodontitis: A re-appraisal from host defense and tissue destruction viewpoints. J. Dent. Res. 2010, 89, 1349–1363. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wolf, M.; Marciniak, J.; Lossdörfer, S.; Kirschneck, C.; Brauner, I.; Götz, W.; Jäger, A. Role of HSP70 protein in human periodontal ligament cell function and physiology. Ann. Anat. 2019, 221, 76–83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Haigh, B.J.; Stewart, K.W.; Whelan, J.R.; Barnett, M.P.; Smolenski, G.A.; Wheeler, T.T. Alterations in the salivary proteome associated with periodontitis. J. Clin. Periodontol. 2010, 37, 241–247. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ebersole, J.L.; Machen, R.L.; Steffen, M.J.; Willmann, D.E. Systemic acute-phase reactants, C-reactive protein and haptoglobin, in adult periodontitis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1997, 107, 347–352. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
OP (n = 10) Mean ± SD Median [1st–3rd Quartiles] | OWP (n = 10) Mean ± SD Median [1st–3rd Quartiles] | NP (n = 10) Mean ± SD Median [1st–3rd Quartiles] | NWP (n = 10) Mean ± SD Median [1st–3rd Quartiles] | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SSF (mL/min) | 1.64 ± 0.15 | 1.73 ± 0.14 | 1.67 ± 0.14 | 1.76 ± 0.12 | 0.236 * |
Total protein SSF (ug/ptn) | 35.04 ± 14.15 | 30.95 ± 20.23 | 27.08 ± 10.30 | 28.65 ± 13.90 | 0.668 * |
USF (mL/min) | 0.56 ± 0.09 | 0.55 ± 0.08 | 0.57 ± 0.08 | 0.56 ± 0.06 | 0.426 * |
Total protein USF (ug/ptn) | 32.36 ± 15.59 | 36.22 ± 20.09 | 34.21 ± 9.86 | 30.44 ± 15.73 | 0.668 * |
PPD (mm) | 2.65 [2.45–2.81] A | 2.04 [1.96–2.10] B | 2.56 [2.42–2.79] A | 2.02 [2.00–2.16] B | <0.001 † |
CAL (mm) | 2.66 [2.45–2.82] A | 2.07 [2.02–2.10] B | 2.58 [2.44–2.79] A | 2.03 [2.00–2.16] B | <0.001 † |
Periodontitis—n (%) Stage II Stage III | 5 (50%) 5 (50%) | - | 9 (90%) 1 (10%) | - | <0.001 † |
Accession Number | Protein Name | Gene | Score | Fold Change | Log (e) | SD | p | ED |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P01009 | Alpha-1-antitrypsin | SERPINA1 | 69 | 5.87 | 1.77 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P59666 | Neutrophil defensin 3 | DEFA3 | 903 | 4.85 | 1.58 | 0.18 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P14780 | Matrix metalloproteinase-9 | MMP9 | 58 | 3.86 | 1.35 | 0.12 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P15516 | Histatin-3 | HTN3 | 4616 | 3.78 | 1.33 | 0.09 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P02812 | Basic salivary proline-rich protein 2 | PRB2 | 1417 | 2.72 | 1 | 0.05 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P04280 | Basic salivary proline-rich protein 1 | PRB1 | 1417 | 2.59 | 0.95 | 0.07 | <0.01 | ↑ |
Q6S8J3 | POTE ankyrin domain family member E | POTEE | 1087 | 2.39 | 0.87 | 0.07 | <0.01 | ↑ |
A5A3E0 | POTE ankyrin domain family member F | POTEF | 1087 | 2.34 | 0.85 | 0.05 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P23280 | Carbonic anhydrase 6 | CA6 | 1598 | 2.29 | 0.83 | 0.09 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P68032 | Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 | ACTC1 | 2203 | 2.12 | 0.75 | 0.04 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P02042 | Hemoglobin subunit delta | HBD | 138 | 2.10 | 0.74 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P69905 | Hemoglobin subunit alpha | HBA1; HBA2 | 5146 | 2.05 | 0.72 | 0.07 | <0.01 | ↑ |
Q8N4F0 | BPI fold-containing family B member 2 | BPIFB2 | 232 | 0.49 | −0.72 | 0.17 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P01834 | Immunoglobulin kappa constant | IGKC | 5120 | 0.49 | −0.72 | 0.07 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P01860 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 | IGHG3 | 981 | 0.48 | −0.73 | 0.13 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P01833 | Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor | PIGR | 5222 | 0.47 | −0.76 | 0.02 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P01024 | Complement C3 | C3 | 129 | 0.45 | −0.8 | 0.12 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P02787 | Serotransferrin | TF | 1492 | 0.43 | −0.85 | 0.02 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P0DOX6 | Immunoglobulin mu heavy chain | IGM | 674 | 0.42 | −0.87 | 0.09 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P01591 | Immunoglobulin J chain | JCHAIN | 5085 | 0.42 | −0.87 | 0.04 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P01871 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant mu | IGHM | 692 | 0.41 | −0.89 | 0.11 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P68871 | Hemoglobin subunit beta | HBB | 414 | 0.40 | −0.91 | 0.03 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P14618 | Pyruvate kinase PKM | PKM | 119 | 0.40 | −0.91 | 0.09 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P30613 | Pyruvate kinase PKLR | PKLR | 80 | 0.39 | −0.95 | 0.27 | 0.02 | ↓ |
P0DOX2 | Immunoglobulin alpha-2 heavy chain | IGA2 | 6336 | 0.38 | −0.96 | 0.02 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P10599 | Thioredoxin | TXN | 934 | 0.35 | −1.04 | 0.15 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P05109 | Protein S100-A8 | S100A8 | 1531 | 0.35 | −1.06 | 0.03 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P01861 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 4 | IGHG4 | 701 | 0.33 | −1.11 | 0.17 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P01023 | Alpha-2-macroglobulin | A2M | 186 | 0.31 | −1.17 | 0.05 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P37837 | Transaldolase | TALDO1 | 89 | 0.30 | −1.19 | 0.1 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P06702 | Protein S100-A9 | S100A9 | 555 | 0.28 | −1.29 | 0.03 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P22079 | Lactoperoxidase | LPO | 546 | 0.27 | −1.3 | 0.12 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P06744 | Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase | GPI | 134 | 0.23 | −1.46 | 0.11 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P01859 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2 | IGHG2 | 680 | 0.23 | −1.47 | 0.08 | <0.01 | ↓ |
Q9UGM3 | Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein | DMBT1 | 365 | 0.23 | −1.49 | 0.09 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P00738 | Haptoglobin | HP | 1526 | 0.19 | −1.65 | 0.07 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P0DOX7 | Immunoglobulin kappa light chain | IGK | 2435 | 0.17 | −1.77 | 0.04 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P69892 | Hemoglobin subunit gamma-2 | HBG2 | 408 | 0.12 | −2.15 | 0.03 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P69891 | Hemoglobin subunit gamma-1 | HBG1 | 408 | 0.11 | −2.17 | 0.03 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P02100 | Hemoglobin subunit epsilon | HBE1 | 408 | 0.11 | −2.18 | 0.03 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P00739 | Haptoglobin-related protein | HPR | 280 | 0.10 | −2.32 | 0.09 | <0.01 | ↓ |
Q5T7N2 | LINE-1 type transposase domain-containing protein 1 | L1TD1 | 35 | 0.08 | −2.59 | 0.03 | 0.01 | ↓ |
Accession Number | Protein Name | Gene | Score | Fold Change | Log (e) | SD | p | ED |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P02808 | Statherin | STATH | 23,896 | 18.73 | 2.93 | 0.14 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P01871 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant mu | IGHM | 379 | 3.42 | 1.23 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P0DOX6 | Immunoglobulin mu heavy chain | IGM | 373 | 3.25 | 1.18 | 0.09 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P02810 | Salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein 1/2 | PRH1; PRH2 | 1111 | 3.22 | 1.17 | 0.02 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P15516 | Histatin-3 | HTN3 | 1165 | 2.89 | 1.06 | 0.1 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P01860 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 | IGHG3 | 108 | 0.49 | −0.71 | 0.08 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P01591 | Immunoglobulin J chain | JCHAIN | 1073 | 0.47 | −0.76 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P01876 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 | IGHA1 | 1734 | 0.46 | −0.77 | 0.02 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P02788 | Lactotransferrin | LTF | 1044 | 0.43 | −0.85 | 0.07 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P69905 | Hemoglobin subunit alpha | HBA1; HBA2 | 80 | 0.40 | −0.91 | 0.07 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P12273 | Prolactin-inducible protein | PIP | 3571 | 0.38 | −0.98 | 0.02 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P10599 | Thioredoxin | TXN | 461 | 0.37 | −0.99 | 0.24 | 0.01 | ↓ |
P05109 | Protein S100-A8 | S100A8 | 5810 | 0.34 | −1.08 | 0.04 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P61626 | Lysozyme C | LYZ | 3669 | 0.31 | −1.16 | 0.04 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P04406 | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase | GAPDH | 250 | 0.31 | −1.18 | 0.1 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P0DOY2 | Immunoglobulin lambda constant 2 | IGLC2 | 201 | 0.29 | −1.24 | 0.04 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P59665 | Neutrophil defensin 1 | DEFA1; DEFA1B | 2405 | 0.26 | −1.34 | 0.2 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P0DOX2 | Immunoglobulin alpha-2 heavy chain | IGA2 | 1386 | 0.26 | −1.35 | 0.01 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P04280 | Basic salivary proline-rich protein 1 | PRB1 | 85 | 0.25 | −1.4 | 0.02 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P02812 | Basic salivary proline-rich protein 2 | PRB2 | 85 | 0.25 | −1.4 | 0.03 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P0CG04 | Immunoglobulin lambda constant 1 | IGLC1 | 115 | 0.24 | −1.43 | 0.04 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P01877 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 2 | IGHA2 | 1437 | 0.23 | −1.45 | 0.01 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P59666 | Neutrophil defensin 3 | DEFA3 | 2405 | 0.23 | −1.45 | 0.19 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P06702 | Protein S100-A9 | S100A9 | 1584 | 0.20 | −1.63 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P14618 | Pyruvate kinase PKM | PKM | 118 | 0.18 | −1.74 | 0.11 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P52209 | 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating | PGD | 159 | 0.16 | −1.85 | 0.15 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P24158 | Myeloblastin | PRTN3 | 379 | 0.13 | −2.05 | 0.08 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P07737 | Profilin-1 | PFN1 | 449 | 0.10 | −2.32 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P37837 | Transaldolase | TALDO1 | 203 | 0.10 | −2.35 | 0.07 | <0.01 | ↓ |
Accession Number | Protein Name | Gene | Score | Fold Change | Log (e) | SD | p | ED |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P00738 | Haptoglobin | HP | 114 | 9.68 | 2.27 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P04280 | Basic salivary proline-rich protein 1 | PRB1 | 366 | 5.26 | 1.66 | 0.25 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P15516 | Histatin-3 | HTN3 | 1825 | 4.90 | 1.59 | 0.4 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P01009 | Alpha-1-antitrypsin | SERPINA1 | 180 | 4.71 | 1.55 | 0.08 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P02812 | Basic salivary proline-rich protein 2 | PRB2 | 366 | 4.48 | 1.5 | 0.05 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P02647 | Apolipoprotein A-I | APOA1 | 4432 | 4.10 | 1.41 | 0.05 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P02790 | Hemopexin | HPX | 153 | 3.25 | 1.18 | 0.05 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P04080 | Cystatin-B | CSTB | 1239 | 3.16 | 1.15 | 0.08 | <0.01 | ↑ |
Q8N4F0 | BPI fold-containing family B member 2 | BPIFB2 | 422 | 2.77 | 1.02 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P02810 | Salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein 1/2 | PRH1; PRH2 | 2308 | 2.51 | 0.92 | 0.16 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P69892 | Hemoglobin subunit gamma-2 | HBG2 | 271 | 2.39 | 0.87 | 0.13 | 0.01 | ↑ |
P69891 | Hemoglobin subunit gamma-1 | HBG1 | 271 | 2.39 | 0.87 | 0.12 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P02100 | Hemoglobin subunit epsilon | HBE1 | 271 | 2.39 | 0.87 | 0.12 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P02808 | Statherin | STATH | 2286 | 2.27 | 0.82 | 0.22 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P02679 | Fibrinogen gamma chain | FGG | 118 | 2.23 | 0.8 | 0.13 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P59666 | Neutrophil defensin 3 | DEFA3 | 1062 | 2.12 | 0.75 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P20742 | Pregnancy zone protein | PZP | 212 | 2.10 | 0.74 | 0.09 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P59665 | Neutrophil defensin 1 | DEFA1; DEFA1B | 1062 | 2.10 | 0.74 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P0DTE8 | Alpha-amylase 1C | AMY1C | 3994 | 2.08 | 0.73 | 0.01 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P22079 | Lactoperoxidase | LPO | 82 | 0.49 | −0.72 | 0.11 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P0CG38 | POTE ankyrin domain family member I | POTEI | 257 | 0.47 | −0.75 | 0.07 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P02788 | Lactotransferrin | LTF | 58 | 0.47 | −0.75 | 0.26 | 0.01 | ↓ |
P0CG39 | POTE ankyrin domain family member J | POTEJ | 176 | 0.47 | −0.76 | 0.1 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P68133 | Actin, alpha skeletal muscle | ACTA1 | 904 | 0.45 | −0.8 | 0.07 | <0.01 | ↓ |
Q8NHQ9 | ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX55 | DDX55 | 169 | 0.44 | −0.82 | 0.26 | 0.02 | ↓ |
P63267 | Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle | ACTG2 | 904 | 0.43 | −0.85 | 0.07 | <0.01 | ↓ |
Q5VSP4 | Putative lipocalin 1-like protein 1 | LCN1P1 | 967 | 0.43 | −0.85 | 0.08 | <0.01 | ↓ |
Q6S8J3 | POTE ankyrin domain family member E | POTEE | 366 | 0.39 | −0.94 | 0.05 | <0.01 | ↓ |
A5A3E0 | POTE ankyrin domain family member F | POTEF | 366 | 0.39 | −0.95 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P68032 | Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 | ACTC1 | 904 | 0.37 | −1 | 0.04 | <0.01 | ↓ |
Q9BYX7 | Putative beta-actin-like protein 3 | POTEKP | 109 | 0.36 | −1.02 | 0.05 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P62736 | Actin, aortic smooth muscle | ACTA2 | 904 | 0.35 | −1.05 | 0.05 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P63261 | Actin, cytoplasmic 2 | ACTG1 | 1384 | 0.34 | −1.09 | 0.02 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P60709 | Actin, cytoplasmic 1 | ACTB | 1384 | 0.33 | −1.1 | 0.02 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P02042 | Hemoglobin subunit delta | HBD | 499 | 0.32 | −1.13 | 0.05 | <0.01 | ↓ |
A0M8Q6 | Immunoglobulin lambda constant 7 | IGLC7 | 320 | 0.23 | −1.48 | 0.08 | <0.01 | ↓ |
Q8TAX7 | Mucin-7 | MUC7 | 842 | 0.20 | −1.63 | 0.02 | <0.01 | ↓ |
Q16378 | Proline-rich protein 4 | PRR4 | 984 | 0.18 | −1.69 | 0.08 | 0.01 | ↓ |
Q562R1 | Beta-actin-like protein 2 | ACTBL2 | 362 | 0.17 | −1.75 | 0.02 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P01859 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2 | IGHG2 | 85 | 0.17 | −1.8 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P06702 | Protein S100-A9 | S100A9 | 344 | 0.13 | −2.02 | 0.04 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P61626 | Lysozyme C | LYZ | 3223 | 0.06 | −2.77 | 0.03 | <0.01 | ↓ |
Accession Number | Protein Name | Gene | Score | Fold Change | Log (e) | SD | p | ED |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P02814 | Submaxillary gland androgen-regulated protein 3B | SMR3B | 51,408 | 2.94 | 1.08 | 0.02 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P61769 | Beta-2-microglobulin | B2M | 132 | 2.94 | 1.08 | 0.1 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P06702 | Protein S100-A9 | S100A9 | 181 | 2.53 | 0.93 | 0.08 | <0.01 | ↑ |
Q8TAX7 | Mucin-7 | MUC7 | 1497 | 2.27 | 0.82 | 0.04 | <0.01 | ↑ |
P0DOX8 | Immunoglobulin lambda-1 light chain | IGL1 | 3256 | 2.08 | 0.73 | 0.06 | <0.01 | ↑ |
Q9BYX7 | Putative beta-actin-like protein 3 | POTEKP | 254 | 0.50 | −0.7 | 0.09 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P01036 | Cystatin-S | CST4 | 16,480 | 0.50 | −0.7 | 0.02 | <0.01 | ↓ |
A0M8Q6 | Immunoglobulin lambda constant 7 | IGLC7 | 2152 | 0.48 | −0.74 | 0.23 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P07737 | Profilin-1 | PFN1 | 859 | 0.46 | −0.77 | 0.16 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P61626 | Lysozyme C | LYZ | 3743 | 0.45 | −0.8 | 0.16 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P02810 | Salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein 1/2 | PRH1; PRH2 | 3931 | 0.43 | −0.85 | 0.02 | <0.01 | ↓ |
Q562R1 | Beta-actin-like protein 2 | ACTBL2 | 626 | 0.43 | −0.85 | 0.09 | <0.01 | ↓ |
A5A3E0 | POTE ankyrin domain family member F | POTEF | 337 | 0.42 | −0.86 | 0.07 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P37837 | Transaldolase | TALDO1 | 199 | 0.42 | −0.87 | 0.23 | <0.01 | ↓ |
Q96DA0 | Zymogen granule protein 16 homolog B | ZG16B | 22,215 | 0.42 | −0.87 | 0.03 | <0.01 | ↓ |
Q6S8J3 | POTE ankyrin domain family member E | POTEE | 337 | 0.41 | −0.88 | 0.05 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P0CG38 | POTE ankyrin domain family member I | POTEI | 83 | 0.36 | −1.02 | 0.09 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P01861 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 4 | IGHG4 | 122 | 0.32 | −1.13 | 0.29 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P01859 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 2 | IGHG2 | 30 | 0.31 | −1.17 | 0.29 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P0CG39 | POTE ankyrin domain family member J | POTEJ | 83 | 0.30 | −1.22 | 0.17 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P23280 | Carbonic anhydrase 6 | CA6 | 1177 | 0.25 | −1.38 | 0.03 | <0.01 | ↓ |
P31025 | Lipocalin-1 | LCN1 | 5807 | 0.10 | −2.3 | 0.03 | <0.01 | ↓ |
Q5VSP4 | Putative lipocalin 1-like protein 1 | LCN1P1 | 4592 | 0.10 | −2.33 | 0.03 | <0.01 | ↓ |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Foratori-Junior, G.A.; Ventura, T.M.O.; Grizzo, L.T.; Jesuino, B.G.; Castilho, A.V.S.S.; Buzalaf, M.A.R.; Sales-Peres, S.H.d.C. Is There a Difference in the Proteomic Profile of Stimulated and Unstimulated Saliva Samples from Pregnant Women with/without Obesity and Periodontitis? Cells 2023, 12, 1389. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12101389
Foratori-Junior GA, Ventura TMO, Grizzo LT, Jesuino BG, Castilho AVSS, Buzalaf MAR, Sales-Peres SHdC. Is There a Difference in the Proteomic Profile of Stimulated and Unstimulated Saliva Samples from Pregnant Women with/without Obesity and Periodontitis? Cells. 2023; 12(10):1389. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12101389
Chicago/Turabian StyleForatori-Junior, Gerson Aparecido, Talita Mendes Oliveira Ventura, Larissa Tercilia Grizzo, Bruno Gualtieri Jesuino, Ana Virgínia Santana Sampaio Castilho, Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf, and Silvia Helena de Carvalho Sales-Peres. 2023. "Is There a Difference in the Proteomic Profile of Stimulated and Unstimulated Saliva Samples from Pregnant Women with/without Obesity and Periodontitis?" Cells 12, no. 10: 1389. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12101389
APA StyleForatori-Junior, G. A., Ventura, T. M. O., Grizzo, L. T., Jesuino, B. G., Castilho, A. V. S. S., Buzalaf, M. A. R., & Sales-Peres, S. H. d. C. (2023). Is There a Difference in the Proteomic Profile of Stimulated and Unstimulated Saliva Samples from Pregnant Women with/without Obesity and Periodontitis? Cells, 12(10), 1389. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12101389