Electrocatalysis by Heme Enzymes—Applications in Biosensing
Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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Academic Editor: Marius Horch
Catalysts 2021, 11(2), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11020218
Received: 18 January 2021 / Revised: 2 February 2021 / Accepted: 3 February 2021 / Published: 6 February 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Perspectives in Bioinorganic Catalysis)
Heme proteins take part in a number of fundamental biological processes, including oxygen transport and storage, electron transfer, catalysis and signal transduction. The redox chemistry of the heme iron and the biochemical diversity of heme proteins have led to the development of a plethora of biotechnological applications. This work focuses on biosensing devices based on heme proteins, in which they are electronically coupled to an electrode and their activity is determined through the measurement of catalytic currents in the presence of substrate, i.e., the target analyte of the biosensor. After an overview of the main concepts of amperometric biosensors, we address transduction schemes, protein immobilization strategies, and the performance of devices that explore reactions of heme biocatalysts, including peroxidase, cytochrome P450, catalase, nitrite reductase, cytochrome c oxidase, cytochrome c and derived microperoxidases, hemoglobin, and myoglobin. We further discuss how structural information about immobilized heme proteins can lead to rational design of biosensing devices, ensuring insights into their efficiency and long-term stability.
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Keywords:
heme enzyme; amperometric biosensor; mediated electron transfer; direct electron transfer; chemically modified electrodes; electrocatalytic activity; peroxidase
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MDPI and ACS Style
Zuccarello, L.; Barbosa, C.; Todorovic, S.; Silveira, C.M. Electrocatalysis by Heme Enzymes—Applications in Biosensing. Catalysts 2021, 11, 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11020218
AMA Style
Zuccarello L, Barbosa C, Todorovic S, Silveira CM. Electrocatalysis by Heme Enzymes—Applications in Biosensing. Catalysts. 2021; 11(2):218. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11020218
Chicago/Turabian StyleZuccarello, Lidia; Barbosa, Catarina; Todorovic, Smilja; Silveira, Célia M. 2021. "Electrocatalysis by Heme Enzymes—Applications in Biosensing" Catalysts 11, no. 2: 218. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11020218
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