Overweight and Obesity Determine the Risk for Gastrointestinal Cancer in a Sex-Dependent Manner: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 287,357 Outpatients in Germany
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Database
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Study Outcomes
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Basic Characteristics of the Study Cohort
3.2. Incidence Rates of Gastrointestinal Cancers in Normal Weight, Pre-Obese and Obese Outpatients in Germany
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | All Patients | Normal Weight | Overweight | Obesity | p Values |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 287,357 | 84,339 | 109,917 | 93,101 | |
Age (years) (mean, SD) | 57.9 (18.2) | 64.6 (15.7) | 64.0 (15.0) | <0.001 | |
Age ≤50 (%) | 22.8 | 33.4 | 18.5 | 18.1 | <0.001 |
Age 51–60 (%) | 22.1 | 23.1 | 21.6 | 21.8 | <0.001 |
Age 61–70 (%) | 21.3 | 17.0 | 21.6 | 24.7 | <0.001 |
Age >70 (%) | 33.8 | 26.5 | 38.2 | 35.4 | <0.001 |
Males (%) | 48.2 | 37.2 | 55.9 | 49.1 | <0.001 |
Co-Diagnoses (%): | |||||
Diabetes mellitus | 32.5 | 14.6 | 30.3 | 51.2 | <0.001 |
Thyroid gland disorders | 21.7 | 31.5 | 30.9 | 32.8 | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 60.6 | 39.3 | 62.8 | 77.2 | <0.001 |
Ischemic heart diseases | 19.3 | 12.2 | 21.2 | 23.4 | <0.001 |
Heart failure | 11.6 | 6.7 | 11.5 | 16.3 | <0.001 |
Lipid metabolism disorders | 44.0 | 33.2 | 47.6 | 49.6 | <0.001 |
Chronic obstructive bronchitis or lung disease | 16.8 | 14.4 | 16.5 | 19.5 | <0.001 |
Diseases of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum | 42.2 | 40.2 | 43.1 | 43.0 | <0.001 |
Liver diseases | 15.8 | 9,5 | 16.0 | 21.1 | <0.001 |
Depression | 26.8 | 26.7 | 25.8 | 28.2 | <0.001 |
Odds Ratio (95% CI) + | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Colon (C18) | Rectum (C20) | Stomach (C16) | Pancreas (C25) | Liver (C22) | |
Women | |||||
Overweight | 1.11 (0.93–1.34) | 0.82 (0.61–1.12) | 0.91 (0.66–1.25) | 0.87 (0.66–1.14) | 0.85 (0.53–1.37) |
Obesity | 1.23 (1.03–1.48) * | 0.83 (0.61–1.14) | 0.97 (0.71–1.34) | 0.61 (0.45–0.82) * | 0.83 (0.51–1.35) |
Men | |||||
Overweight | 1.12 (0.92–1.36) | 1.11 (0.82–1.50) | 0.65 (0.48–0.87) * | 1.01 (0.76–1.34) | 1.28 (0.84–1.95) |
Obesity | 1.43 (1.17–1.74) * | 1.36 (1.01–1.84) * | 0.79 (0.58–1.06) | 0.77 (0.56–1.06) | 1.79 (1.17–2.73) * |
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Loosen, S.H.; Roderburg, C.; Jördens, M.S.; Fluegen, G.; Luedde, T.; Kostev, K. Overweight and Obesity Determine the Risk for Gastrointestinal Cancer in a Sex-Dependent Manner: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 287,357 Outpatients in Germany. Cancers 2022, 14, 931. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14040931
Loosen SH, Roderburg C, Jördens MS, Fluegen G, Luedde T, Kostev K. Overweight and Obesity Determine the Risk for Gastrointestinal Cancer in a Sex-Dependent Manner: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 287,357 Outpatients in Germany. Cancers. 2022; 14(4):931. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14040931
Chicago/Turabian StyleLoosen, Sven H., Christoph Roderburg, Markus S. Jördens, Georg Fluegen, Tom Luedde, and Karel Kostev. 2022. "Overweight and Obesity Determine the Risk for Gastrointestinal Cancer in a Sex-Dependent Manner: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 287,357 Outpatients in Germany" Cancers 14, no. 4: 931. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14040931