Immunotherapy of Ovarian Cancer with Particular Emphasis on the PD-1/PDL-1 as Target Points
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Department of Gynecological Surgery and Gynecological Oncology of Adults and Adolescents, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editors: Antonia Busse and Anne Letsch
Cancers 2021, 13(23), 6063; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13236063
Received: 21 September 2021
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Revised: 29 November 2021
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Accepted: 30 November 2021
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Published: 1 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunotherapy in Gynecological Oncology: Current Strategies and New Innovative Approaches)
Simple Summary
Ovarian cancer has remained the leading cause of death among gynecologic malignancies. The current standard of treatment, in most cases, is a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, based on platinum agents and taxanes. Despite the increasing usage of newer drug groups, such as bevacizumab and PARP inhibitors, and the expansion of patient groups for these drugs, ovarian cancer is characterized by recurrences, particularly in the form of peritoneal implants. This review focuses on immunotherapy for ovarian cancer. It considers the current state of knowledge in areas such as cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, CAR-T therapy, and anti-CTLA-4 monotherapy. The paper specifically considers PD-1/PDL-1 as drug targets. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy, and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in combination with other agents, are analyzed.
Ovarian cancer is one of the most fatal cancers in women worldwide. Cytoreductive surgery combined with platinum-based chemotherapy has been the current first-line treatment standard. Nevertheless, ovarian cancer appears to have a high recurrence rate and mortality. Immunological processes play a significant role in tumorigenesis. The production of ligands for checkpoint receptors can be a very effective, and undesirable, immunosuppressive mechanism for cancers. The CTLA-4 protein, as well as the PD-1 receptor and its PD-L1 ligand, are among the better-known components of the control points. The aim of this paper was to review current research on immunotherapy in the treatment of ovarian cancer. The authors specifically considered immune checkpoints molecules such as PD-1/PDL-1 as targets for immunotherapy. We found that immune checkpoint-inhibitor therapy does not have an improved prognosis in ovarian cancer; although early trials showed that a combination of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy with targeted therapy might have the potential to improve responses and outcomes in selected patients. However, we must wait for the final results of the trials. It seems important to identify a group of patients who could benefit significantly from treatment with immune checkpoints inhibitors. However, despite numerous trials, ICIs have not become part of routine clinical practice for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Keywords:
immunotherapy; immune checkpoint; checkpoint inhibitor; ovarian cancer; PDL-1; PD-1
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MDPI and ACS Style
Świderska, J.; Kozłowski, M.; Kwiatkowski, S.; Cymbaluk-Płoska, A. Immunotherapy of Ovarian Cancer with Particular Emphasis on the PD-1/PDL-1 as Target Points. Cancers 2021, 13, 6063. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13236063
AMA Style
Świderska J, Kozłowski M, Kwiatkowski S, Cymbaluk-Płoska A. Immunotherapy of Ovarian Cancer with Particular Emphasis on the PD-1/PDL-1 as Target Points. Cancers. 2021; 13(23):6063. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13236063
Chicago/Turabian StyleŚwiderska, Janina, Mateusz Kozłowski, Sebastian Kwiatkowski, and Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska. 2021. "Immunotherapy of Ovarian Cancer with Particular Emphasis on the PD-1/PDL-1 as Target Points" Cancers 13, no. 23: 6063. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13236063
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