Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Intraperitoneal Ovarian Tumors in Mice Using Erythrocyte-Derived Optical Nanoparticles and Spatially-Modulated Illumination
1
Department of Bioengineering, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
2
Radoptics, LLC, 1002 Health Science Rd. E., Suite P214, Irvine, CA 92612, USA
3
Department of Cancer Systems Imaging and Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, #57, Houston, TX 77030, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Now with Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, NH65 Nagaur Road, Karwar 342 037, Jodhpur District, India.
Academic Editors: Kuno Lehmann and Anders Jakobsen
Cancers 2021, 13(11), 2544; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112544
Received: 21 March 2021
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Revised: 20 May 2021
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Accepted: 20 May 2021
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Published: 22 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology and Treatment of Peritoneal Metastasis)
Simple Summary
Ovarian cancer has a greater mortality rate than all gynecological malignancies combined. While cytoreductive surgery remains the primary therapeutic approach, its success is limited by the inability to visualize all tumor nodules for resection. We developed light activated nano-sized particles derived from red blood cells as potential imaging probes for near infrared fluorescence imaging of tumors during cytoreductive surgery. We present the first demonstration of the use of these nanoparticles in conjunction a spatially-modulated illumination (SMI) modality to image ovarian intraperitoneal tumors in mice. Our findings indicate that, at 24 h post-administration, these nanoparticles accumulated at higher levels in tumors as compared to organs, and that use of SMI enhances the image contrast.
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological cancer. Cytoreductive surgery to remove primary and intraperitoneal tumor deposits remains as the standard therapeutic approach. However, lack of an intraoperative image-guided approach to enable the visualization of all tumors can result in incomplete cytoreduction and recurrence. We engineered nano-sized particles derived from erythrocytes that encapsulate the near infrared (NIR) fluorochrome, indocyanine green, as potential imaging probes for tumor visualization during cytoreductive surgery. Herein, we present the first demonstration of the use of these nanoparticles in conjunction with spatially-modulated illumination (SMI), at spatial frequencies in the range of 0–0.5 mm−1, to fluorescently image intraperitoneal ovarian tumors in mice. Results of our animal studies suggest that the nanoparticles accumulated at higher levels within tumors 24 h post-intraperitoneal injection as compared to various other organs. We demonstrate that, under the imaging specifications reported here, use of these nanoparticles in conjunction with SMI enhances the fluorescence image contrast between intraperitoneal tumors and liver, and between intraperitoneal tumors and spleen by nearly 2.1, and 3.0 times, respectively, at the spatial frequency of 0.2 mm−1 as compared to the contrast values at spatially-uniform (non-modulated) illumination. These results suggest that the combination of erythrocyte-derived NIR nanoparticles and structured illumination provides a promising approach for intraoperative fluorescence imaging of ovarian tumor nodules at enhanced contrast.
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Keywords:
biomaterials; biomimetics; indocyanine green; nanomaterials; red blood cells
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MDPI and ACS Style
Burns, J.M.; Shafer, E.; Vankayala, R.; Kundra, V.; Anvari, B. Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Intraperitoneal Ovarian Tumors in Mice Using Erythrocyte-Derived Optical Nanoparticles and Spatially-Modulated Illumination. Cancers 2021, 13, 2544. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112544
AMA Style
Burns JM, Shafer E, Vankayala R, Kundra V, Anvari B. Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Intraperitoneal Ovarian Tumors in Mice Using Erythrocyte-Derived Optical Nanoparticles and Spatially-Modulated Illumination. Cancers. 2021; 13(11):2544. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112544
Chicago/Turabian StyleBurns, Joshua M., Elise Shafer, Raviraj Vankayala, Vikas Kundra, and Bahman Anvari. 2021. "Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Intraperitoneal Ovarian Tumors in Mice Using Erythrocyte-Derived Optical Nanoparticles and Spatially-Modulated Illumination" Cancers 13, no. 11: 2544. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13112544
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