Assessment of Health Status, Emotional Well-Being, and the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents in the PICTURE Study (Wroclaw, Poland)

Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the assessment of the health and emotional well-being of children and adolescents from Wroclaw, including the frequency of diseases, health symptoms, overweight, and obesity. Methods: The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study between 2019–2023, ultimately involving 1232 children aged 7–17 years. The data were collected in the form of interviews with caregivers. The study used a health questionnaire, anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests. Overweight and obesity were determined based on Polish body mass index (BMI) percentile tables in accordance with pediatric society guidelines. For the purposes of analysis, participants were divided into three age groups: 6–9, 10–12, and 13–17 years old. Results: The most common diagnosis was allergies, affecting about 36% of those surveyed. In total, 32.8% of children reported difficulties with concentration, memory, and learning. Emotionally, over one-third of children experienced anxiety or fear and outbursts of anger, 26% experienced inadequate sadness, and about 22% complained of chronic fatigue and excessive agitation. About 15% of participants reported symptoms of depression. Overweight and obesity were present in about 18% of children, with the frequency increasing with age. Moreover, it was shown that gender and age were the most important factors differentiating the risk of emotional symptoms, while body weight had no significant effect on any of the analyzed symptoms. Conclusions: The study revealed a significant prevalence of emotional disorders among children and adolescents, an increasing prevalence of allergies with age, and the growing problem of overweight and obesity. The results indicate the need for the implementation of systematic preventive measures and the early diagnosis of chronic diseases. An effective response to these challenges requires the development of an interdisciplinary healthcare model that integrates pediatric, psychologist, dietary, and social support.