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Nutrients
Volume 16
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10.3390/nu16030340
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Article

Sex-Dependent Variations in Hypothalamic Fatty Acid Profile and Neuropeptides in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Obesity and High-Fat Diet

by
Mayara da Nóbrega Baqueiro
1,
Laís Angélica de Paula Simino
1,
João Paulo Costa
1,
Carolina Panzarin
1,
Andressa Reginato
1,
Marcio Alberto Torsoni
1,
Letícia Ignácio-Souza
1,
Marciane Milanski
1,
Michael G. Ross
2,3,
Kelly Pereira Coca
4,
Mina Desai
2,3 and
Adriana Souza Torsoni
1,*
1
Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas, Universidade de Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira 13484-350, São Paulo, Brazil
2
Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
4
Ana Abrao Breastfeeding Center, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal São Paulo, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04037-001, São Paulo, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2024, 16(3), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030340
Submission received: 28 November 2023 / Revised: 3 January 2024 / Accepted: 17 January 2024 / Published: 24 January 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maternal Nutritional-Mediated Programming of Offspring Health and Disease)
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Abstract

Maternal obesity and/or high-fat diet (HF) consumption can disrupt appetite regulation in their offspring, contributing to transgenerational obesity and metabolic diseases. As fatty acids (FAs) play a role in appetite regulation, we investigated the maternal and fetal levels of FAs as potential contributors to programmed hyperphagia observed in the offspring of obese dams. Female mice were fed either a control diet (CT) or HF prior to mating, and fetal and maternal blood and tissues were collected at 19 days of gestation. Elevated levels of linoleic acid were observed in the serum of HF dams as well as in the serum of their fetuses. An increased concentration of eicosadienoic acid was also detected in the hypothalamus of female HF-O fetuses. HF-O male fetuses showed increased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (Npy) gene expression, while HF-O female fetuses showed decreased hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) protein content. Both male and female fetuses exhibited reduced hypothalamic neurogenin 3 (NGN-3) gene expression. In vitro experiments confirmed that LA contributed to the decreased gene expression of Pomc and Ngn-3 in neuronal cells. During lactation, HF female offspring consumed more milk and had a higher body weight compared to CT. In summary, this study demonstrated that exposure to HF prior to and during gestation alters the FA composition in maternal serum and fetal serum and hypothalamus, particularly increasing n-6, which may play a role in the switch from POMC to NPY neurons, leading to increased weight gain in the offspring during lactation.
Keywords: fatty acids; high-fat diet; hyperphagia; hypothalamus; metabolic programming fatty acids; high-fat diet; hyperphagia; hypothalamus; metabolic programming
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MDPI and ACS Style

Baqueiro, M.d.N.; Simino, L.A.d.P.; Costa, J.P.; Panzarin, C.; Reginato, A.; Torsoni, M.A.; Ignácio-Souza, L.; Milanski, M.; Ross, M.G.; Coca, K.P.; et al. Sex-Dependent Variations in Hypothalamic Fatty Acid Profile and Neuropeptides in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Obesity and High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2024, 16, 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030340

AMA Style

Baqueiro MdN, Simino LAdP, Costa JP, Panzarin C, Reginato A, Torsoni MA, Ignácio-Souza L, Milanski M, Ross MG, Coca KP, et al. Sex-Dependent Variations in Hypothalamic Fatty Acid Profile and Neuropeptides in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Obesity and High-Fat Diet. Nutrients. 2024; 16(3):340. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030340

Chicago/Turabian Style

Baqueiro, Mayara da Nóbrega, Laís Angélica de Paula Simino, João Paulo Costa, Carolina Panzarin, Andressa Reginato, Marcio Alberto Torsoni, Letícia Ignácio-Souza, Marciane Milanski, Michael G. Ross, Kelly Pereira Coca, and et al. 2024. "Sex-Dependent Variations in Hypothalamic Fatty Acid Profile and Neuropeptides in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Obesity and High-Fat Diet" Nutrients 16, no. 3: 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030340

APA Style

Baqueiro, M. d. N., Simino, L. A. d. P., Costa, J. P., Panzarin, C., Reginato, A., Torsoni, M. A., Ignácio-Souza, L., Milanski, M., Ross, M. G., Coca, K. P., Desai, M., & Torsoni, A. S. (2024). Sex-Dependent Variations in Hypothalamic Fatty Acid Profile and Neuropeptides in Offspring Exposed to Maternal Obesity and High-Fat Diet. Nutrients, 16(3), 340. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16030340

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