Interprovincial Joint Prevention and Control of Open Straw Burning in Northeast China: Implications for Atmospheric Environment Management
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Method
2.1. Study Areas
2.2. Data Sources and Processing
2.2.1. Atmospheric Pollutants and Meteorological Data
2.2.2. Fire Point Monitoring Data
2.2.3. Air-Mass Backward Trajectories
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Spatio-Temporality of Fire Points in Northeast China during 2001–2020
3.2. Regional Air Quality under Different Straw Burning Scenarios
3.3. Pollutant Transportation Trajectories and Potential Sources
3.4. Potential Transport Trajectory Analysis of PM2.5 during Straw Burning in Each Province under Typical Scenarios (S3) in 2017
4. Discussion and Policy Implications
4.1. Has There Been a Long History of Massive Burning?
4.2. Are There Significant Interregional Interactions and Complex Transport of Air Pollutants?
4.3. Can PSCF Simulation Be Combined with Scenario Analysis to Accurately Identify Potential Sources of Pollutants across Provinces?
4.4. Is the Implementation of Straw Control Policy Effective?
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scenarios | Day | FP | Province | Atmospheric Pollutants | Meteorological | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PM2.5 | PM10 | SO2 | NO2 | CO | O3 | WS | AT | ||||
S1-L | 110 | 73 | Liaoning | 40 | 75 | 25 | 32 | 0.9 | 39 | 3 | 1.7 |
78 | Jilin | 32 | 55 | 14 | 22 | 0.7 | 45 | 3 | −2.4 | ||
111 | Heilongjiang | 32 | 51 | 16 | 25 | 0.7 | 41 | 3 | −4.8 | ||
365 | Eastern-Inner Mongolia | 29 | 55 | 14 | 20 | 0.6 | 47 | 4 | −0.9 | ||
S1-J | 2 | 21 | Liaoning | 66 | 110 | 31 | 38 | 1.4 | 29 | 3 | 9.6 |
48 | Jilin | 131 | 160 | 31 | 61 | 1.3 | 26 | 2 | 4.0 | ||
6 | Heilongjiang | 126 | 117 | 21 | 40 | 1.0 | 26 | 3 | 1.8 | ||
10 | Eastern-Inner Mongolia | 50 | 89 | 21 | 29 | 0.9 | 27 | 3 | 3.4 | ||
S1-H | 39 | 156 | Liaoning | 60 | 91 | 27 | 29 | 1.2 | 49 | 4 | 4.5 |
138 | Jilin | 75 | 112 | 21 | 31 | 0.9 | 51 | 3 | 0.9 | ||
5981 | Heilongjiang | 53 | 82 | 15 | 25 | 0.8 | 46 | 3 | 0.1 | ||
297 | Eastern-Inner Mongolia | 48 | 86 | 21 | 22 | 0.8 | 50 | 3 | −0.3 | ||
S1-E | 4 | 11 | Liaoning | 52 | 107 | 26 | 26 | 1.1 | 56 | 4 | 6.3 |
11 | Jilin | 40 | 87 | 20 | 22 | 0.8 | 69 | 3 | 3.3 | ||
43 | Heilongjiang | 36 | 67 | 20 | 28 | 0.8 | 62 | 3 | 0.6 | ||
153 | Eastern-Inner Mongolia | 44 | 135 | 22 | 29 | 0.7 | 62 | 4 | 3.8 | ||
S2-LE | 24 | 537 | Liaoning | 39 | 68 | 18 | 30 | 0.8 | 51 | 4 | 6.0 |
77 | Jilin | 33 | 59 | 11 | 22 | 0.7 | 53 | 3 | 3.0 | ||
19 | Heilongjiang | 32 | 55 | 14 | 25 | 0.7 | 49 | 3 | 0.9 | ||
299 | Eastern-Inner Mongolia | 37 | 71 | 15 | 24 | 0.7 | 48 | 4 | 5.8 | ||
S2-LH | 36 | 927 | Liaoning | 45 | 84 | 23 | 33 | 0.9 | 54 | 4 | 9.2 |
180 | Jilin | 35 | 67 | 13 | 23 | 0.7 | 55 | 3 | 6.0 | ||
2078 | Heilongjiang | 26 | 58 | 9 | 17 | 0.6 | 50 | 3 | 4.1 | ||
256 | Eastern-Inner Mongolia | 31 | 63 | 14 | 19 | 0.6 | 56 | 3 | 5.2 | ||
S2-HE | 23 | 183 | Liaoning | 41 | 85 | 17 | 24 | 1.0 | 73 | 4 | 10.5 |
275 | Jilin | 39 | 86 | 12 | 22 | 0.7 | 76 | 3 | 8.5 | ||
6730 | Heilongjiang | 39 | 74 | 12 | 24 | 0.7 | 68 | 4 | 6.9 | ||
577 | Eastern-Inner Mongolia | 26 | 61 | 8 | 17 | 0.5 | 69 | 4 | 7.0 | ||
S2-JE | 6 | 10 | Liaoning | 31 | 51 | 22 | 22 | 0.9 | 65 | 4 | 1.2 |
669 | Jilin | 27 | 47 | 12 | 13 | 0.5 | 80 | 3 | −1.6 | ||
105 | Heilongjiang | 23 | 39 | 15 | 21 | 0.6 | 74 | 4 | −5.0 | ||
91 | Eastern-Inner Mongolia | 28 | 45 | 15 | 17 | 0.7 | 70 | 4 | 1.2 | ||
S2-JH | 26 | 301 | Liaoning | 62 | 90 | 20 | 28 | 1.2 | 58 | 4 | 7.5 |
2235 | Jilin | 92 | 133 | 18 | 33 | 1.0 | 57 | 2 | 4.1 | ||
9005 | Heilongjiang | 66 | 95 | 17 | 27 | 0.8 | 52 | 3 | 2.6 | ||
660 | Eastern-Inner Mongolia | 53 | 95 | 17 | 23 | 0.7 | 55 | 3 | 1.7 | ||
S2-LJ | 54 | 955 | Liaoning | 39 | 77 | 20 | 31 | 0.8 | 44 | 4 | 4.1 |
758 | Jilin | 35 | 70 | 16 | 26 | 0.8 | 45 | 3 | 1.1 | ||
398 | Heilongjiang | 26 | 51 | 13 | 21 | 0.6 | 44 | 3 | −1.5 | ||
286 | Eastern-Inner Mongolia | 30 | 62 | 14 | 21 | 0.6 | 47 | 4 | 1.7 | ||
S3-JHE | 73 | 1125 | Liaoning | 50 | 86 | 21 | 30 | 1.0 | 65 | 3 | 8.9 |
8647 | Jilin | 58 | 103 | 16 | 30 | 1.0 | 64 | 3 | 6.2 | ||
38,740 | Heilongjiang | 72 | 110 | 14 | 28 | 0.8 | 63 | 4 | 4.4 | ||
4243 | Eastern-Inner Mongolia | 49 | 84 | 15 | 25 | 0.8 | 64 | 4 | 7.4 | ||
S3-LHF | 26 | 603 | Liaoning | 46 | 92 | 20 | 32 | 0.9 | 64 | 4 | 8.4 |
196 | Jilin | 39 | 75 | 13 | 23 | 0.8 | 63 | 3 | 5.8 | ||
1126 | Heilongjiang | 35 | 63 | 12 | 21 | 0.7 | 58 | 3 | 4.0 | ||
424 | Eastern-Inner Mongolia | 33 | 75 | 13 | 22 | 0.7 | 61 | 4 | 7.2 | ||
S3-LJE | 56 | 1698 | Liaoning | 45 | 84 | 25 | 34 | 1.0 | 52 | 4 | 4.7 |
1562 | Jilin | 31 | 60 | 13 | 22 | 0.7 | 54 | 3 | 1.6 | ||
744 | Heilongjiang | 25 | 48 | 15 | 22 | 0.6 | 52 | 3 | −0.9 | ||
1418 | Eastern-Inner Mongolia | 24 | 48 | 11 | 18 | 0.6 | 57 | 4 | 2.5 | ||
S3-LJH | 48 | 1703 | Liaoning | 51 | 99 | 20 | 38 | 1.0 | 51 | 3 | 10.9 |
2461 | Jilin | 44 | 82 | 13 | 29 | 0.8 | 51 | 3 | 8.3 | ||
7264 | Heilongjiang | 30 | 66 | 12 | 24 | 0.6 | 44 | 3 | 6.7 | ||
789 | Eastern-Inner Mongolia | 30 | 66 | 12 | 23 | 0.6 | 49 | 3 | 7.4 | ||
S4 | 164 | 7294 | Liaoning | 56 | 107 | 23 | 36 | 1.0 | 71 | 4 | 9.1 |
21,421 | Jilin | 51 | 96 | 15 | 27 | 0.8 | 68 | 3 | 7.0 | ||
39,029 | Heilongjiang | 43 | 80 | 14 | 23 | 0.7 | 64 | 3 | 5.1 | ||
11,561 | Eastern-Inner Mongolia | 35 | 75 | 13 | 22 | 0.6 | 67 | 4 | 7.9 | ||
S0 | 41 | 286 | Liaoning | 45 | 78 | 25 | 27 | 1.1 | 47 | 4 | 4.3 |
55 | Jilin | 46 | 80 | 16 | 24 | 0.8 | 51 | 3 | −0.5 | ||
326 | Heilongjiang | 40 | 69 | 20 | 26 | 0.7 | 46 | 3 | −2.6 | ||
145 | Eastern-Inner Mongolia | 39 | 76 | 19 | 22 | 0.7 | 50 | 4 | 0.4 |
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Fu, J.; Song, S.; Guo, L.; Chen, W.; Wang, P.; Duanmu, L.; Shang, Y.; Shi, B.; He, L. Interprovincial Joint Prevention and Control of Open Straw Burning in Northeast China: Implications for Atmospheric Environment Management. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 2528. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14112528
Fu J, Song S, Guo L, Chen W, Wang P, Duanmu L, Shang Y, Shi B, He L. Interprovincial Joint Prevention and Control of Open Straw Burning in Northeast China: Implications for Atmospheric Environment Management. Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(11):2528. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14112528
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu, Jing, Shitao Song, Li Guo, Weiwei Chen, Peng Wang, Lingjian Duanmu, Yijing Shang, Bowen Shi, and Luyan He. 2022. "Interprovincial Joint Prevention and Control of Open Straw Burning in Northeast China: Implications for Atmospheric Environment Management" Remote Sensing 14, no. 11: 2528. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14112528
APA StyleFu, J., Song, S., Guo, L., Chen, W., Wang, P., Duanmu, L., Shang, Y., Shi, B., & He, L. (2022). Interprovincial Joint Prevention and Control of Open Straw Burning in Northeast China: Implications for Atmospheric Environment Management. Remote Sensing, 14(11), 2528. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14112528