Estimation of Real-Time Flood Risk on Roads Based on Rainfall Calculated by the Revised Method of Missing Rainfall
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Factors for Road Flood Risk Index
2.1. The Whole Process
2.2. Flooding History
2.3. Rainfall Range Causing Flooding
2.3.1. The Revised Method of Missing Rainfall
2.3.2. Rainfall Range Causing Flooding at AWS
2.3.3. Rainfall Range Causing Flooding on Road Links
AWS Code | Max of 15 min | Min of 15 min | Max of 1 h | Min of 1 h |
---|---|---|---|---|
159 | 33.5 | 12.0 | 83.5 | 24.5 |
910 | 17.5 | 4.5 | 60.0 | 8.5 |
921 | 20.0 | 10.5 | 43.5 | 16.5 |
923 | 26.0 | 8.5 | 52.0 | 13.0 |
937 | 27.5 | 7.0 | 77.5 | 8.5 |
938 | 34.5 | 11.0 | 62.0 | 25.5 |
939 | 25.0 | 9.5 | 48.5 | 15.0 |
940 | 23.0 | 11.5 | 70.0 | 13.5 |
941 | 24.5 | 8.5 | 51.0 | 15.0 |
942 | 29.0 | 5.5 | 81.5 | 11.0 |
950 | 23.0 | 7.0 | 68.0 | 8.5 |
2.4. Frequency Probability Precipitation
Frequency Years | 5 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 50 | 80 | 100 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minutes | ||||||||
10 | 16.9 | 24.0 | 27.1 | 28.8 | 31.0 | 33.1 | 34.0 | |
60 | 57.0 | 79.0 | 91.1 | 98.1 | 106.9 | 114.9 | 130.4 | |
120 | 80.2 | 111.0 | 128.3 | 138.2 | 150.6 | 161.9 | 183.9 | |
180 | 96.1 | 133.1 | 153.6 | 165.4 | 180.2 | 193.7 | 220.0 | |
240 | 111.4 | 154.2 | 177.9 | 191.5 | 208.5 | 224.1 | 254.4 | |
360 | 129.3 | 178.8 | 205.7 | 221.2 | 240.6 | 258.3 | 292.7 | |
540 | 149.9 | 207.1 | 238.4 | 256.5 | 279.0 | 299.7 | 309.4 |
2.5. Real-Time Accumulated Rainfall
3. Development of a Real-Time Flood Risk Index on Roads
3.1. Revision of Rainfall-Related Factors
3.2. Algorithm of Real-Time Flood Risk Index on Roads
3.2.1. Levels of Flood Risk Index
3.2.2. Decision Algorithm of Flood Risk Index
4. Simulations
AWS stations | 1. 7 July 2009 07:20 | 2. 15 July 2012 12:15 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Code | Name | 15 minutes | 1 hour | 15 minutes | 1 hour |
159 | Busan | 15.5 | 72.0 | 23.5 | 54.0 |
910 | Youngdo | 13.5 | 50.5 | 27.5 | 46.0 |
938 | Busanjin | 9.5 | 50.5 | 28.5 | 56.0 |
940 | Dongrae | 4.5 | 36.5 | 18.5 | 38.0 |
942 | Daeyeon | 18.5 | 81.5 | 14.5 | 41.0 |
941 | Bookgu | 2.0 | 28.0 | 5.0 | 24.5 |
950 | Saha | 16.0 | 68.0 | 29.5 | 60.5 |
937 | Haeundae | 22.5 | 71.5 | 6.5 | 23.5 |
939 | Gumjung | 4.0 | 31.0 | 14.5 | 33.0 |
921 | Gaduck | 0.5 | 23.5 | 17.0 | 48.5 |
923 | Gijang | 12.5 | 46.5 | 4.5 | 12.5 |
Road Links | Simulation 1 | Simulation 2 | |
---|---|---|---|
Level 1 | 0 | 2 | |
Level 2 | 1 | 6 | |
Level 3 | 22 | 5 | |
Level 4 | 14 | 70 | |
Level 5 | 29 | 96 | |
Total of road links | 66 | 179 | |
Accordance rate | 65.2% | 92.7% |
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
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Kim, E.; Ra, I.; Rhee, K.H.; Kim, C.S. Estimation of Real-Time Flood Risk on Roads Based on Rainfall Calculated by the Revised Method of Missing Rainfall. Sustainability 2014, 6, 6418-6431. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6096418
Kim E, Ra I, Rhee KH, Kim CS. Estimation of Real-Time Flood Risk on Roads Based on Rainfall Calculated by the Revised Method of Missing Rainfall. Sustainability. 2014; 6(9):6418-6431. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6096418
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Eunmi, Ilkyeun Ra, Kyung Hyun Rhee, and Chang Soo Kim. 2014. "Estimation of Real-Time Flood Risk on Roads Based on Rainfall Calculated by the Revised Method of Missing Rainfall" Sustainability 6, no. 9: 6418-6431. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6096418