Sustainable E-Governance: The Relationship among Trust, Digital Divide, and E-Government
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. E-Government and Trust in Government
Relationship between E-government and Trust in Government | Authors |
---|---|
Positive relationship | Tolbert and Mossberger [5], Welch et al. [7], Hong [9], Park &Cho [12], Butter et al. [14], Omari and Omari [15], Teo et al. [16] |
No relationship or neutrality | McNeal et al. [8], Horsburgh et al. [10], Morgeson et al. [11], Parent et al. [13] |
2.2. Digital Divide
3. Theoretical Model and Hypotheses
3.1. Theoretical Model
3.2. Hypotheses
- H1: The perceived quality of e-government services has a positive effect on trust in government.
- H1-1: Systemicity has a positive effect on trust in government.
- H1-2: Integrity has a positive effect on trust in government.
- H1-3: Accessibility has a positive effect on trust in government.
- H1-4: Responsiveness has a positive effect on trust in government.
- H1-5: Openness has a positive effect on trust in government.
- H1-6: Sharing has a positive effect on trust in government.
- H1-7: Communication has a positive effect on trust in government.
- H1-8: Collaboration has a positive effect on trust in government.
4. Data Collection and Measurement Methods
Variables | Index | Frequency (no. of Individuals) | % |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 173 | 49.4 |
Female | 177 | 50.6 | |
Age | 20s | 67 | 19.1 |
30s | 75 | 21.4 | |
40s | 78 | 22.3 | |
50s | 66 | 18.9 | |
60s and over | 64 | 18.3 | |
Area of residence | Seoul | 145 | 41.4 |
Incheon | 40 | 11.4 | |
Gyunggi Province | 165 | 47.1 | |
Education | Middle school | 28 | 8.0 |
High school | 185 | 52.9 | |
College | 131 | 37.4 | |
Graduate school | 6 | 1.7 |
5. Measurement Data and Construct Validity
Variable | Measurement Items | Factor Loading | Cron-bach’s α | EigenValue | KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) | Bartlett Sphericity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Systemicity | -Provision for total search function | 0.772 | 0.902 *** | 5.329 | 0.935 | 1553.470 | |
-Provision for sectoral search function | 0.716 | ||||||
-Statement for relevant organization | 0.733 | ||||||
-Search function within results | 0.751 | ||||||
-Provision for button to return | 0.765 | ||||||
-Search function for two more items | 0.670 | ||||||
-Provision for button to move an write | 0.702 | ||||||
-Function to view before and next info | 0.704 | ||||||
-Function to print information provided | 0.727 | ||||||
-Provision for viewer program | 0.754 | ||||||
Integrity | -Provision for real time complaints/publicity | 0.702 | 0.885 *** | 4.688 | 0.927 | 1236.126 | |
-Function to apply online complaints | 0.710 | ||||||
-Provision for ONE-STOP service | 0.750 | ||||||
-Provision for ZERO-STOP service | 0.701 | ||||||
-Open for complaints process | 0.703 | ||||||
-Immediate treatment until time limit | 0.735 | ||||||
-Statement for complaints answer date | 0.733 | ||||||
-Real time update for Q&A, FAQ | 0.677 | ||||||
-Appointment of persons for service | 0.780 | ||||||
Accessibility | -Provision for service via Internet/call center | 0.711 | 0.832 *** | 3.291 | 0.872 | 698.275 | |
-Provision for service via various method | 0.719 | ||||||
-Provision for add service to the disabled | 0.685 | ||||||
-English version homepage for foreigners | 0.822 | ||||||
-Exclusive homepage for youth | 0.824 | ||||||
-Possession for digital divide guideline | 0.667 | ||||||
Responsiveness | -Provision for info on citizen participation | 0.617 | 0.868 *** | 4.607 | 0.910 | 1172.432 | |
-System for online opinion | 0.685 | ||||||
-Operation for bilateral policy forum | 0.697 | ||||||
-Implementation for e-voting | 0.656 | ||||||
-Implement for public survey/cyber poll | 0.656 | ||||||
-Operation for bulletin board | 0.629 | ||||||
-Function to check satisfaction for process | 0.727 | ||||||
-Spontaneous announce for process/results | 0.689 | ||||||
-Reflection for FAQ into processing | 0.703 | ||||||
-Collect opinion for policy improvement | 0.721 | ||||||
Openness | -Accuracy | 0.257 | 0.776 | 0.820 *** | Factor1: 2.696 Factor2: 2.010 | 0.863 | 794.420 |
-No error | 0.135 | 0.768 | |||||
-Objectivity | 0.225 | 0.754 | |||||
-Provision for APP | 0.745 | 0.184 | |||||
-Provision for up to date info on civil | 0.772 | 0.114 | |||||
-Usefulness for policy info | 0.631 | 0.241 | |||||
-Usefulness for info on website and APP | 0.642 | 0.341 | |||||
-Support for immediate admin process | 0.774 | 0.167 | |||||
Sharing | -No error and crash | 0.656 | 0.863 *** | 4.127 | 0.887 | 1053.393 | |
-Rapid handling | 0.691 | ||||||
-Trust for technological function | 0.665 | ||||||
-Possibility for tele-com service | 0.683 | ||||||
-Support for mobile platform | 0.768 | ||||||
-Convergence service for website and App | 0.709 | ||||||
-Provision for new service via agency | 0.817 | ||||||
-Provision for converge service via agency | 0.742 | ||||||
Communication | -Various communication channel | 0.369 | 0.635 | 0.879 *** | Factor1: 2.951 Factor2: 2.495 | 0.898 | 1195.408 |
-Possibility for policy suggestion | 0.196 | 0.709 | |||||
-Possibility for immediate connection | 0.194 | 0.794 | |||||
-Use for necessary info anytime | 0.274 | 0.762 | |||||
-Possibility for finding location | 0.722 | 0.171 | |||||
-Possibility for identifying civil complaint | 0.736 | 0.228 | |||||
-Timely provision for policy info | 0.611 | 0.391 | |||||
-Quick loading speed | 0.757 | 0.248 | |||||
-Availability for connection with Venders | 0.81 | 0.288 | |||||
Collaboration | -Effort for reducing cost of admin process | 0.764 | 0.879 *** | 4.558 | 0.917 | 1266.736 | |
-Effort for understanding people needs | 0.733 | ||||||
-Effort for providing people service | 0.735 | ||||||
-Effort for interagency cooperation | 0.734 | ||||||
-Effort for cooperation to various Venders | 0.747 | ||||||
-Effort for interaction with people | 0.753 | ||||||
-Effort for service provision by gender/age | 0.735 | ||||||
-Effort for personalized service provision | 0.833 | ||||||
Trust in Government | -General trust | 0.785 | 0.883 *** | 4.131 | 0.905 | 1089.501 | |
-Perceived professional competence | 0.763 | ||||||
-Perceived content service | 0.753 | ||||||
-Perceived efficient service | 0.761 | ||||||
-Perceived spontaneous effort | 0.724 | ||||||
-Perceived of providing various information | 0.792 | ||||||
-Perceived improvement for old procedure | 0.795 |
6. Analysis Results and Discussion
6.1. Results of a Multiple Regression Analysis
Items | Standardized Coefficients(B) | t value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Independentvariable | Systemicity | −0.068 | −0.83 | |
Integrity | −0.122 | −1.428 | ||
Accessibility | 0.093 | 1.15 | ||
Responsiveness | 0.052 | 0.594 | ||
Openness | Accuracy | 0.399 *** | 7.628 | |
Useful of information | 0.072 | 1.015 | ||
Sharing | 0.162 * | 2.261 | ||
Communication | Openness of communication | −0.014 | −0.193 | |
Personalized accessibility | −0.047 | −0.797 | ||
Collaboration | 0.385 *** | 5.835 | ||
Items | B | t | ||
Invariable | 0.217 | 1.09 | ||
R2 | 0.567 | |||
adjusted R2 | 0.548 | |||
F value | 31.276 *** |
6.2. ANOVA Results
Groups | Number | Trust in Government | |
---|---|---|---|
Mean | Standard deviation | ||
Alienation information group | 53 | 3.01 | 0.685 |
Passive information group | 16 | 2.93 | 0.536 |
Desire information group | 73 | 3.28 | 0.554 |
Progressive information group | 208 | 3.25 | 0.662 |
F | 3.275 * |
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgment
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
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Share and Cite
Myeong, S.; Kwon, Y.; Seo, H. Sustainable E-Governance: The Relationship among Trust, Digital Divide, and E-Government. Sustainability 2014, 6, 6049-6069. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6096049
Myeong S, Kwon Y, Seo H. Sustainable E-Governance: The Relationship among Trust, Digital Divide, and E-Government. Sustainability. 2014; 6(9):6049-6069. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6096049
Chicago/Turabian StyleMyeong, Seunghwan, Yongmin Kwon, and Hyungjun Seo. 2014. "Sustainable E-Governance: The Relationship among Trust, Digital Divide, and E-Government" Sustainability 6, no. 9: 6049-6069. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6096049