Urban Water Crisis Causes Significant Public Health Diseases in Jackson, Mississippi USA: An Initial Study of Geographic and Racial Health Inequities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Processing
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Race and Ethnic Components in Jackson and Its Peripheral Cities
3.2. Health Status Disparities between Jackson and Its Peripheral Cities
3.3. The Disparities of Health Outcomes between Jackson and Its Peripheral Cities
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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White | Black | American Indian | Asian | Hawaiian | Hispanic | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jackson | 16.2 | 82.5 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.7 |
Brandon | 76 | 21.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.01 | 1.00 |
Byram | 32.5 | 65.4 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.01 | 2.0 |
Clinton | 52.6 | 39.6 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 0.0 | 4.3 |
Canton | 23.2 | 72.7 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 6.0 |
Flora | 56.46 | 39.77 | 0.33 | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.62 |
Flowood | 60.8 | 28.4 | 0.3 | 5.3 | 0.0 | 3.3 |
Madison | 79.9 | 11.3 | 0.3 | 6.2 | 0.0 | 1.3 |
Ridgeland | 52.7 | 39.6 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 0.0 | 6.3 |
Brandon | Byram | Canton | Clinton | Flora | Flowood | Madison | Ridgeland | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mental | 0.0002 | 0.0001 | 0.9 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0004 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 |
Physical | 0.0002 | 0.0001 | 0.8 | 0.0001 | 0.001 | 0.0004 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 |
Brandon | Byram | Canton | Clinton | Flora | Flowood | Madison | Ridgeland | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arthritis | 0.0944 | 0.1194 | 0.0935 | 0.0374 | 0.0450 | 0.4667 | 0.0488 | 0.0251 |
Cancer | 0.0042 | 0.1299 | 0.1637 | 0.0248 | 0.0300 | 0.0366 | 0.0000 | 0.0961 |
High cholesterol | 0.0366 | 0.4505 | 0.1299 | 0.3426 | 0.0451 | 0.2000 | 0.2623 | 0.1243 |
High blood pressure | 0.0000 | 0.0033 | 0.3411 | 0.0006 | 0.0001 | 0.0011 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 |
Asthma | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.2268 | 0.0000 | 0.0035 | 0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0005 |
Heart disease | 0.0160 | 0.0238 | 0.3293 | 0.0050 | 0.0080 | 0.0353 | 0.0000 | 0.0002 |
COPD | 0.0112 | 0.0085 | 0.4034 | 0.0001 | 0.0005 | 0.0187 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 |
Diabetes | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.4013 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0005 | 0.0000 | 0.0002 |
Kidney | 0.0000 | 0.0002 | 0.4752 | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0008 | 0.0000 | 0.0002 |
Obesity | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.1350 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0011 | 0.0000 | 0.0002 |
Stroke | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.4588 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0004 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 |
Teeth lost | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.4026 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 | 0.0013 | 0.0000 | 0.0001 |
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Meng, Q. Urban Water Crisis Causes Significant Public Health Diseases in Jackson, Mississippi USA: An Initial Study of Geographic and Racial Health Inequities. Sustainability 2022, 14, 16325. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416325
Meng Q. Urban Water Crisis Causes Significant Public Health Diseases in Jackson, Mississippi USA: An Initial Study of Geographic and Racial Health Inequities. Sustainability. 2022; 14(24):16325. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416325
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeng, Qingmin. 2022. "Urban Water Crisis Causes Significant Public Health Diseases in Jackson, Mississippi USA: An Initial Study of Geographic and Racial Health Inequities" Sustainability 14, no. 24: 16325. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416325