Why Are the Carbon Footprints of China’s Urban Households Rising? An Input–Output Analysis and Structural Decomposition Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Data
2.1. Direct Urban Household Carbon Footprints
2.2. Indirect Urban Household Carbon Footprints
2.3. Structural Decomposition A(SDA)
2.4. Data Sources
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Urban Household Carbon Footprints
3.1.1. Total Urban Household Carbon Footprints
3.1.2. Direct Urban Household Carbon Footprints
3.1.3. Indirect Urban Household Carbon Footprints
3.2. Structural Decomposition Analysis of Increasing Indirect Carbon Footprints of Urban Households
4. Discussion
4.1. The Growth of Direct Carbon Footprints of Urban Households and Mitigation Policies
4.2. The Growth of Indirect Carbon Footprints of Urban Households
4.3. The Way to Reduce Indirect Carbon Footprints of Urban Households
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rank. | 2002 | 2007 | 2012 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Commodity Sectors | Carbon Footprints (Mt CO2) | Commodity Sectors | Carbon Footprints (Mt CO2) | Commodity Sectors | Carbon Footprints (Mt CO2) | |
1 | All other food manufacturing | 48.91 | Wearing apparel | 86.72 | Wearing apparel | 179.34 |
2 | Electricity, steam and hot water production and supply | 45.77 | Electricity, steam, and hot water production and supply | 67.17 | Motor vehicles | 106.15 |
3 | Animal Husbandry | 43.36 | Food and beverage services | 60.94 | Electricity, steam and hot water production and supply | 88.16 |
4 | Medical and pharmaceutical products | 40.08 | Medical and pharmaceutical products | 55.52 | Food and beverage services | 68.11 |
5 | Wearing apparel | 39.42 | All other food manufacturing | 54.30 | All other food manufacturing | 58.25 |
6 | Food and beverage services | 35.43 | Agriculture | 45.09 | Culture goods and other recreation products | 57.61 |
7 | Educational services | 31.24 | Motor vehicles | 44.59 | Medical and pharmaceutical products | 55.36 |
8 | Agriculture | 30.19 | Culture goods and other recreation products | 41.92 | Agriculture | 52.19 |
9 | Grain mill products | 22.63 | Educational services | 39.20 | Chemical products for daily use | 50.27 |
10 | Culture goods and other recreation products | 20.65 | Leather, fur, down and related products | 37.88 | Travel agency, tour operator and tourist guide services | 48.83 |
Rank. | Commodity Sectors | Difference (MtCO2) | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Wearing apparel | 139.92 | 355.00% |
2 | Motor vehicles | 99.34 | 1459.00% |
3 | Travel agency, tour operator and tourist guide services | 43.18 | 764.89% |
4 | Electricity, steam and hot water production and supply | 42.38 | 92.60% |
5 | Petroleum processing | 42.36 | 953.39% |
6 | Chemical products for daily use | 42.19 | 521.80% |
7 | Culture goods and other recreation products | 36.96 | 178.98% |
8 | Slaughtering and meat processing | 36.13 | 389.61% |
9 | Telecommunication equipment | 33.32 | 805.32% |
10 | Road transport | 32.91 | 312.74% |
Impact Factors. | Carbon footprints Increment (Mt CO2) | Contribution (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2002–2007 | 2007–2012 | 2002–2012 | 2002–2007 | 2007–2012 | 2002–2012 | |
Emission intensity | −257.78 | −243.71 | −582.98 | −63.79 | −53.67 | −67.93 |
Intermediate demand | 91.46 | −98.43 | 13.91 | 22.63 | −21.68 | 1.62 |
Consumption structure | 66.91 | 68.4 | 193.15 | 16.56 | 15.06 | 22.51 |
Consumption level | 336.83 | 517.02 | 859.97 | 83.35 | 113.86 | 100.21 |
Population size | 166.7 | 210.81 | 374.15 | 41.25 | 46.42 | 43.60 |
Total effect | 404.12 | 454.09 | 858.20 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
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Liu, X.; Wang, X.; Song, J.; Duan, H.; Wang, S. Why Are the Carbon Footprints of China’s Urban Households Rising? An Input–Output Analysis and Structural Decomposition Analysis. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7157. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247157
Liu X, Wang X, Song J, Duan H, Wang S. Why Are the Carbon Footprints of China’s Urban Households Rising? An Input–Output Analysis and Structural Decomposition Analysis. Sustainability. 2019; 11(24):7157. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247157
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Xiaoyu, Xian’en Wang, Junnian Song, Haiyan Duan, and Shuo Wang. 2019. "Why Are the Carbon Footprints of China’s Urban Households Rising? An Input–Output Analysis and Structural Decomposition Analysis" Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7157. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247157