Integrating CFD and GIS into the Development of Urban Ventilation Corridors: A Case Study in Changchun City, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sources
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Data Preprocessing
2.3.2. Simulation Time Selection
2.3.3. Simulation Height Selection
2.3.4. CFD Model Establishment and Simulation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characteristics of Winter Wind Field
3.2. Characteristics of Summer Wind Field
3.3. Spatial Pattern of Areas Requiring Improvement
3.4. Potential Air Guide Channel
3.5. Development of Potential Ventilation Channels
3.6. Implications for Climate-Resilient Urbanization
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Gu, C.; Hu, L.; Ian, G. China’s Urbanization in 1949–2015: Processes and Driving Forces. Chin. Geogr. Sci. 2017, 27, 847–859. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tian, L.; Li, Y.; Shao, L.; Zhang, Y. Measuring Spatio-temporal Characteristics of City Expansion and Its Driving Forces in Shanghai from 1990 to 2015. Chin. Geogr. Sci. 2017, 27, 875–890. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gao, B.; Huang, Q.; He, C.; Sun, Z.; Zhang, D. How does sprawl differ across cities in China? A multi-scale investigation using nighttime light and census data. Landsc. Urban Plan. 2016, 148, 89–98. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lin, S.; Sun, J.; Marinova, D.; Zhao, D. Effects of Population and Land Urbanization on China’s Environmental Impact: Empirical Analysis Based on the Extended STIRPAT Model. Sustainability 2017, 9, 825. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alberti, M. Maintaining ecological integrity and sustaining ecosystem function in urban areas. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 2010, 2, 178–184. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chang, C.; Lee, X.; Liu, S.; Schultz, N.; Xiao, W.; Zhang, M.; Zhao, L. Urban heat island in China enhanced by haze pollution. Nat. Commun. 2016, 7, 12509. [Google Scholar]
- Peng, J.; Shen, H.; Wu, W.; Liu, L.; Wang, Y. Net primary productivity (NPP) dynamics and associated urbanization driving forces in metropolitan areas: A case study in Beijing City, China. Landsc. Ecol. 2016, 31, 1077–1092. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Qin, J.; Fang, C.; Wang, Y.; Li, G.; Wang, S. Evaluation of Three-dimensional Urban Expansion: A Case Study of Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. Chin. Geogr. Sci. 2016, 25, 224–236. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- China’s Focus: The “Wind Corridor” in the Capital of China Is Expected to Reduce Haze. Available online: http://www.xinhuanet.com/2016-02/23/c_1118135383.htm (accessed on 23 February 2016).
- Gal, T.; Linderg, F.; Unger, J. Comparing continuous sky view factor using 3D urban raster and vector databases: Comparison and application to urban climate. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 2009, 95, 111–123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, H.; Zhang, Y.; Tsou, J.Y.; Li, Y. Surface Urban Heat Island Analysis of Shanghai (China) Based on the Change of Land Use and Land Cover. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1538. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Weber, S.; Kordowski, K.; Kuttle, W. Variability of particle number concentration and particle size dynamic in an urban street canyon under different meteorological conditions original research. Sci. Total Environ. 2013, 4, 2215–2223. [Google Scholar]
- Tanaka, T.; Moriyama, M. Urban Environmental Climate Maps for supporting Environmental and urban planning works in local government. J. Technol. Des. 2011, 17, 687–692. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ren, C. Urban Ventilation Assessment and Wind Corridor Plan: Creating Breathing Cities, 1st ed.; China Architecture & Building Press: Beijing, China, 2016; pp. 3–5. ISBN 978-7-112-20012-2. [Google Scholar]
- Du, W.; Fang, X.; Liu, Y.; He, Y.; He, J. Construction of Ventilation Corridors in the Beijing Central Urban Area Based on Meteorology and GIS Technology. Urban Plan. Forum 2016, 231, 79–85. [Google Scholar]
- Sun, W.; Wang, Y.; Chen, D.; Chen, S. Wind fields and the development of wind corridors in the urban metropolis of the Pearl River Delta. Acta Ecol. Sin. 2012, 32, 5630–5636. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- King, M.F.; Khan, A.; Delbosc, N.; Gough, H.L.; Halios, C.; Barlow, J.F.; Noakes, C.J. Modelling urban airflow and natural ventilation using a GPU-based lattice-Boltzmann method. Build. Envion. 2017, 125, 273–284. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Heidari, A.; Sahebzadeh, S.; Dalvand, Z. Natural Ventilation in Vernacular Architecture of Sistan, Iran; Classification and CFD Study of Compound Rooms. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1048. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, L.; Wu, D.; Zhang, L.; Yuan, L. Ventilation assessment on urban-block detailed planning based on numerical simulation. Acta Sci. Circumst. 2012, 32, 946–953. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, G.; Wang, X.; Miao, S. Numerical simulation of atmospheric environments for urban sub-domain planning. J. Tsinghua Univ. 2006, 46, 1489–1494. [Google Scholar]
- Eum, J.H.; Scherer, D.; Fehrenbach, U.; Koppel, J.; Woo, J.H. Integrating urban climate into urban master plans using spatially distributed information—The Seoul example. Land Use Policy 2013, 34, 223–232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yuan, C.; Ren, C.; Ng, E. GIS-based Surface Roughness Evaluation in the Urban Planning System to Improve the Wind Environment: A study in Wuhan, China. Urban Clim. 2014, 10, 585–593. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Y.; Fang, X.; Cheng, C.; Luan, Q.; Du, W.; Xiao, X.; Wang, H. Research and application of city ventilation assessments based on satellite data and GIS technology: A case study of the Yanqi Lake Eco-city in Huairou District, Beijing. Meterol. Appl. 2016, 23, 320–327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Y.; Li, X. Study on Urban Ventilation Channels Planning Based on Optimization of the Spatial Layout in Urban Green Space: A Case Study of Jinzhong. Urban Dev. Stud. 2017, 24, 35–41. [Google Scholar]
- Chun, B.; Guldmann, J.M. Spatial statistical analysis and simulation of the urban heat island in high-density central cities. Landsc. Urban Plan. 2014, 125, 76–88. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Suder, A.; Szymanowski, M. Determination of Ventilation Channels in Urban Area: A Case Study of Wrocław (Poland). Pure Appl. Geophys. 2014, 171, 965–975. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ng, E.; Yuan, C.; Chen, L.; Ren, C.; Fung, J. Improving the wind environmen in High-Density cities by understanding urban morphogogy and surface roughness: A study in Hong Kong. Landsc. Urban Plan. 2011, 101, 59–71. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ma, S.; Chen, W.; Zhang, S.; Tong, Q.; Bao, Q.; Gao, Z. Characteristics and cause analysis of heavy haze in Changchun City in Northeast China. Chin. Geogr. Sci. 2017, 27, 989–1002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, P. Understanding the Individual Air Quality Index (IAQI) calculation and calculating quickly. Heilongjiang Environ. J. 2014, 38, 25–27. [Google Scholar]
- Guo, F. Correlation Research on Urban Micro-Climate and Urban Morphologies-Taking Dalian Lingshui Bay as an Example. Master’s Thesis, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Yang, C.; He, X.; Yan, F.; Yu, L.; Bu, K.; Yang, J.; Chang, L.; Zhang, S. Mapping the Influence of Land Use/Land Cover Changes on the Urban Heat Island Effect—A Case Study of Changchun, China. Sustainability 2017, 9, 312. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kiddle, G.L.; McEvoy, D.; Mitchell, D.; Jones, P.; Mecartney, S. Unpacking the Pacific Urban Agenda: Resilience Challenges and Opportunities. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1878. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
IAQI | SO2 24 h Average (g/m3) | NO2 24 h Average (μg/m3) | PM10 24 h Average (μg/m3) | CO 24 h Average (μg/m3) | O3 8 h Average (μg/m3) | PM2.5 24 h Average (μg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
50 | 50 | 40 | 50 | 2 | 100 | 35 |
100 | 150 | 80 | 150 | 4 | 160 | 75 |
150 | 475 | 180 | 250 | 14 | 215 | 115 |
200 | 800 | 280 | 350 | 24 | 265 | 150 |
300 | 1600 | 565 | 420 | 36 | 800 | 250 |
400 | 2100 | 750 | 500 | 48 | 1000 | 350 |
500 | 2620 | 940 | 600 | 60 | 1200 | 500 |
Time | Wind Direction | Wind Speed | Temperature | Relative Humidity |
---|---|---|---|---|
7 January, 12:00 p.m. | 251° SW | 1.7 m/s | −6.7 °C | 61% |
7 July, 6:00 p.m. | 146° SSE | 3.0 m/s | 27.1 °C | 73% |
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Chang, S.; Jiang, Q.; Zhao, Y. Integrating CFD and GIS into the Development of Urban Ventilation Corridors: A Case Study in Changchun City, China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061814
Chang S, Jiang Q, Zhao Y. Integrating CFD and GIS into the Development of Urban Ventilation Corridors: A Case Study in Changchun City, China. Sustainability. 2018; 10(6):1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061814
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Shouzhi, Qigang Jiang, and Ying Zhao. 2018. "Integrating CFD and GIS into the Development of Urban Ventilation Corridors: A Case Study in Changchun City, China" Sustainability 10, no. 6: 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061814
APA StyleChang, S., Jiang, Q., & Zhao, Y. (2018). Integrating CFD and GIS into the Development of Urban Ventilation Corridors: A Case Study in Changchun City, China. Sustainability, 10(6), 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10061814