Advanced and Innovative Nano-Systems for Anticancer Targeted Drug Delivery
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Liposome
2.1. Encapsulation of Small Molecule Drugs with Liposome
2.2. Encapsulation of Biological Macromolecules with Liposome
3. Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein (rHDL)
3.1. Encapsulation of Small Molecule Drugs with rHDL
3.2. Encapsulation of Biological Macromolecules with rHDL
4. Micelle
4.1. Encapsulation of Small Molecule Drugs with Micelle
4.2. Encapsulation of Biological Macromolecules with Micelle
5. Dendrimer
5.1. Encapsulation of Small Molecule Drugs with Dendrimer
5.2. Encapsulation of Biological Macromolecules with Dendrimer
6. Nanogel
6.1. Encapsulation of Small Molecule Drugs with Nanogel
6.2. Encapsulation of Biological Macromolecules with Nanogel
7. Nanoemulsion
7.1. Encapsulation of Small Molecule Drugs with Nanoemulsion
7.2. Encapsulation of Biological Macromolecules with Nanoemulsion
8. Hybrid Nanoparticle
8.1. Encapsulation of Small Molecule Drugs with Hybrid Nanoparticle
8.2. Encapsulation of Biological Macromolecules with Hybrid Nanoparticle
9. Exosome
9.1. Encapsulation of Small Molecule Drugs with Exosome
9.2. Encapsulation of Biological Macromolecules with Exosome
10. Conclusions and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Nanostructures | Encapsulated Anticancer Agents | Targeting Type | Tumor Model | In Vitro or In Vivo Study | Therapeutic Efficacy | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liposome | 5-carboxy-8-hydroxyquinoline (IOX1) and doxorubicin | EPR effect | Murine colon cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Promote T cell infiltration and activity, reduce tumor immunosuppressive factors, elicit long-term antitumor immunological memory, decrease the tumor growth of 4T1 orthotopic and lung metastatic dual tumors, prolong the survival for over 80 days | [9] |
Indocyanine green | Dendritic lipopeptide-mediated active targeting | Murine breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Mitochondrion-targeted delivery, disrupt the mitochondrial membrane, generate ROS and eradicate tumor completely | [10] | |
Platinum and verteporfin | Macrophage membrane protein-mediated active targeting | Murine breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Decrease the hypoxic region by 78.4%, relieve tumor hypoxia, inhibit local tumor growth, suppress lung metastasis and prolong animal survival to 43 days | [11] | |
Cytochrome C and p53 proteins | Folic acid-mediated active targeting | Human breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Specific delivery of bio-macromolecule drugs and inhibit tumor growth | [12] | |
Catalase | EPR effect | Murine breast cancer and prostatic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor | In vitro and in vivo | Improve tumor oxygenation, promote infiltration of CTLs and inhibit tumor growth | [13] | |
Reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) | Gambogic acid | Apo A-I-mediated active targeting and pH-sensitive targeting | Human liver cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Display approximately 5-fold increase in cytotoxicity compared to free GA, attain superior tumor accumulation and significant inhibition of tumor growth in vivo | [14] |
Valrubicin | Apo A-I-mediated active targeting and magnetic targeting | Human prostate cancer | In vitro and in vivo | The cytotoxicity toward PC-3 cells is 4.6 and 31 times more effective at the respective valrubicin concentrations of 42.4 µg/mL and 85 µg/mL than valrubicin alone, induce tumor cell apoptosis, effectively enhance the therapeutic efficacy | [15] | |
Cholesterol-conjugated siRNA | Apo A-I-mediated active targeting | Human breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Efficiently decrease VEGF expression level by about 54.4% and inhibit the formation of intratumoral microvessels at the tumor tissue | [16] | |
miR-204-5p inhibitor | Apo A-I-mediated active targeting | Human ovarian cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Silence the expression of the oncogene miR-204-5p at tumor sites, inhibit tumor growth, induce 50% reduction in tumor weight | [17] | |
Micelle | Artesunate | pH-sensitive targeting | Murine colon cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Inhibit original tumor growth, the tumor volumes in micelle group are 1.34-fold smaller than ART group in the 21st day post-treatment | [18] |
S-nitrosoglutathione and doxorubicin | ROS and GSH-sensitive targeting | Human liver cancer | In vitro | Reverse chemo-resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma and selectively kill cancer cells, show a 14-fold increase in the uptake of DOX, enhance the tumor cells internalization of NO and DOX | [19] | |
Melphalan | Reduction-responsive targeting | Human retinoblastoma | In vitro | Enhance the cytotoxicity against Rb tumor cells | [20] | |
Gemcitabine and MiR-519c | Redox-responsive targeting | Murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | In vitro and in vivo | Decrease HIF-1α expression, reverse the GEM resistance and inhibit the tumor growth | [21] | |
siRNA-PD-L1 | pH-sensitive targeting and antibody-mediated active targeting | Murine melanoma | In vitro and in vivo | Silence the expression of PD-L1 protein, induce tumor cell apoptosis, prolong the survival time of mice to at least 9 days | [22] | |
Dendrimer | Doxorubicin | pH-sensitive targeting | Human ovarian and breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Penetrate deeper in tumor tissues, inhibit the tumor growth | [23] |
Pyropheophorbide-a | Light-sensitive targeting | Murine breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Induce efficient induction of ROS production and significant inhibition of tumor growth | [24] | |
Camptothecin | ROS-responsive targeting | Murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | In vitro and in vivo | Possess a high efficiency of active tumor penetrating capability and antitumor effect, the dendrimer group exert an average tumor inhibition rate of 90.2% | [25] | |
Immunostimulants | Antigen-mediated active targeting | Human breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Promote the immune reaction, produce related antibody, inhibit the tumor growth | [26] | |
Toxin protein saporin | GSH-response targeting | Murine breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Efficiently inhibit the tumor growth | [27] | |
Nanogel | Doxorubicin | Hyaluronic acid-mediated active targeting | Human osteosarcoma | In vitro and in vivo | Prolong circulation time to about 60 h, reduce side effects, and enhance 1.4 times antitumor efficacy than that of free drugs | [28] |
TPPS | pH-sensitive targeting | Human lung cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Reduce drug efflux, increase drug uptake, inhibit autophagy and enhance antitumor effect | [29] | |
OVA antigen | pH-sensitive targeting | Human melanoma | In vivo | Promote DC maturation, enhance antigen uptake, significantly enhance CD4+ T cell proliferation by 2 folds, increase tumor-specific IFN-γ production over 5 folds compared with soluble OVA | [30] | |
Bcl2 siRNA | GSH-sensitive targeting | Murine breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Exhibit a superior antitumor activity, lower cytotoxicity, and almost no hemotoxicity, downregulate Bcl2 protein by about 70% | [31] | |
Nanoemulsion | DHA-SBT-1214 | EPR effect | Human prostate cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Induce superior regression and tumor growth inhibition | [32] |
TGF-β inhibitor and selenocysteine | EPR effect | Murine breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Potentiate the immunity and cytolytic potential of NK92 cells, and increase tumor inhibition ratio up to 78.15% | [33] | |
ICP inhibitor HY19991 and doxorubicin | pH-sensitive targeting | Murine breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Enhance tumor penetration, induce immunogenic cell death, and enhance antitumor efficacy of about 71% tumor growth inhibition rate | [34] | |
Perfluorocarbon and PD-1 protein | PD-1-expressing cell membrane-mediated active targeting | Murine breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Enhance the oxygen concentration, induce cell early apoptosis, and achieve significant PDT effects | [35] | |
Hybrid NPs | Curcumin | FA-mediated active targeting | Murine breast cancer | In vitro | Decrease the survival rate of tumor cells | [36] |
Camptothecin | EPR effect | Human liver cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Effectively suppress the tumor growth and avoid systemic toxicity, the inhibition ratio is 85.6% | [37] | |
Prohibitin1 siRNA | EPR effect | Murine lung cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Silence PHB1 and induce tumor apoptosis effectively | [38] | |
Exosome | Paclitaxel | M1-macrophages-mediated active targeting | Murine breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and potentiate the anti-tumor effects of paclitaxel | [39] |
Doxorubicin and paclitaxel | Exosome-mediated-active targeting | Human glioma | In vitro and in vivo | Deliver drugs across the BBB and exert cytotoxic efficacy against brain cancer | [40] | |
Sorafenib | Exosome-mediated-active targeting | Human liver cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Increase the sensitivity of HCC cells and enhance the antitumor efficacy of sorafenib | [41] | |
miRNA-let-7a | GE11 peptide-/epidermal growth factor-mediated active targeting | Human breast cancer | In vitro and in vivo | Bind to tumors specifically and suppress tumor growth | [42] |
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Tang, L.; Li, J.; Zhao, Q.; Pan, T.; Zhong, H.; Wang, W. Advanced and Innovative Nano-Systems for Anticancer Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021, 13, 1151. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081151
Tang L, Li J, Zhao Q, Pan T, Zhong H, Wang W. Advanced and Innovative Nano-Systems for Anticancer Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics. 2021; 13(8):1151. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081151
Chicago/Turabian StyleTang, Lu, Jing Li, Qingqing Zhao, Ting Pan, Hui Zhong, and Wei Wang. 2021. "Advanced and Innovative Nano-Systems for Anticancer Targeted Drug Delivery" Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8: 1151. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081151