Genetic Characterization of African Swine Fever Italian Clusters in the 2022–2023 Epidemic Wave by a Multi-Gene Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Specimens
2.2. Molecular Marker Analysis: Conventional PCR, Sanger Sequencing and Phylogenetic Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Phylogenetic Analysis
3.2. Genetic Variants of the Molecular Markers
3.3. Classification of Italian ASFV Strains in Four Different Genetic Groups
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cluster/Outbreak | Region | Provinces | Collecting Date From–To (DD/MM/YYYY) | Host | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wild Boar | Domestic Pig | |||||
Northwest | Piedmont | Alessandria | 07/01/2022–24/02/2023 | 46 | 46 | |
Liguria | Genoa, Savona | 13/01/2022–22/12/2022 | 11 | 11 | ||
Lombardy | Pavia | 16/08/2023–07/09/2023 | 1 | 7 | 8 | |
Emilia Romagna | Piacenza | 16/11/2023 | 1 | 1 | ||
Lazio | Lazio | Rome | 29/04/2022–11/07/2023 | 28 | 2 | 30 |
Campania–Basilicata | Campania | Salerno | 22/05/2023–10/06/2023 | 9 | 9 | |
Calabria | Reggio Calabria | Reggio Calabria | 03/05/2023–17/07/2023 | 7 | 17 | 24 |
Sardinia | Sardinia | Nuoro | 19/09/2023 | 3 | 3 | |
103 | 29 | 132 |
Cluster/Outbreak | Provinces | CVR | IGR-ECO1 | O174L | K145R | MGF | ECO2 | Genetic Group |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northwest | Alessandria | I | II | I (91.3%) | I | I | I | 3 |
I-SNP1 (8.7%) 1 | 26 | |||||||
Genoa, Savona | I | II | I | I | I | I | 3 | |
Pavia | I | II | I | I | I | I | 3 | |
Piacenza | I | II | I | I | I | I | 3 | |
Lazio | Rome | I | II | I | I | I (60%) 2 | II | 19 |
VIII (40%) 3 | 25 | |||||||
Campania–Basilicata | Salerno | I | II | I | I | I | I | 3 |
Calabria | Reggio Calabria | I | II | I | I | I | II | 19 |
Sardinia | Nuoro | I | II | I | I | I | I | 3 |
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Giammarioli, M.; Torresi, C.; Biccheri, R.; Cammà, C.; Marcacci, M.; Dondo, A.; Razzuoli, E.; Fusco, G.; Casalinuovo, F.; Scicluna, M.T.; et al. Genetic Characterization of African Swine Fever Italian Clusters in the 2022–2023 Epidemic Wave by a Multi-Gene Approach. Viruses 2024, 16, 1185. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081185
Giammarioli M, Torresi C, Biccheri R, Cammà C, Marcacci M, Dondo A, Razzuoli E, Fusco G, Casalinuovo F, Scicluna MT, et al. Genetic Characterization of African Swine Fever Italian Clusters in the 2022–2023 Epidemic Wave by a Multi-Gene Approach. Viruses. 2024; 16(8):1185. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081185
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiammarioli, Monica, Claudia Torresi, Roberta Biccheri, Cesare Cammà, Maurilia Marcacci, Alessandro Dondo, Elisabetta Razzuoli, Giovanna Fusco, Francesco Casalinuovo, Maria Teresa Scicluna, and et al. 2024. "Genetic Characterization of African Swine Fever Italian Clusters in the 2022–2023 Epidemic Wave by a Multi-Gene Approach" Viruses 16, no. 8: 1185. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081185
APA StyleGiammarioli, M., Torresi, C., Biccheri, R., Cammà, C., Marcacci, M., Dondo, A., Razzuoli, E., Fusco, G., Casalinuovo, F., Scicluna, M. T., Dei Giudici, S., Martin, A. M. M., Rossi, E., Casciari, C., Pela, M., Iscaro, C., Gallardo, C., Marocco, G., Orrico, M., & Feliziani, F. (2024). Genetic Characterization of African Swine Fever Italian Clusters in the 2022–2023 Epidemic Wave by a Multi-Gene Approach. Viruses, 16(8), 1185. https://doi.org/10.3390/v16081185