Impacts of Climate Change and Bioenergy Markets on the Profitability of Slash Pine Pulpwood Production in the Southeastern United States
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Economic Model Specification and Climatic Scenarios
2.2. Model Application
3. Results
3.1. Pulpwood and Biomass for Bioenergy Production
3.2. Land Expectation Values LEVs
3.3. The Optimal Harvest Age t*
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Baseline | RCP4.5 | RCP8.5 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pp 1 | tmax 2 | tmin 2 | Pp | tmax | tmin | Pp | tmax | tmin | ||
State | Sites | mm | °C | mm | °C | mm | °C | |||
FL | Alachua | 1312.6 | 27.5 | 14.6 | 1342.1 | 29.5 | 16.6 | 1335.7 | 30.3 | 17.3 |
Jefferson | 1431.3 | 26.7 | 13.5 | 1445.5 | 28.7 | 15.5 | 1444.8 | 29.4 | 16.2 | |
Polk | 1352.2 | 28.8 | 16.9 | 1395.1 | 30.7 | 18.7 | 1395.3 | 31.5 | 19.4 | |
Santa Rosa | 1650.0 | 25.7 | 13.4 | 1676.6 | 27.7 | 15.5 | 1647.6 | 28.4 | 16.2 | |
GA | Brantley | 1193.1 | 25.7 | 12.6 | 1250.7 | 28.5 | 15.5 | 1269.1 | 30.5 | 17.2 |
Dooly | 1178.3 | 25.3 | 12.2 | 1219.6 | 28.2 | 15.2 | 1243.6 | 30.0 | 16.9 | |
SC | Colleton | 1251.2 | 25.1 | 11.5 | 1318.3 | 27.2 | 13.6 | 1322.9 | 28.1 | 14.4 |
AL | Covington | 1491.9 | 25.2 | 10.9 | 1495.6 | 27.2 | 13.2 | 1485.6 | 27.0 | 13.9 |
Activities ( = 0) | Regeneration Costs | |||
Site preparation $ ha−1 | 237 | |||
Weed control $ ha−1 | 108 | |||
Planting cost $ seedling−1 | 0.08 | |||
Seedling cost $ seedling−1 | 0.05 | |||
Activities ( > 0) | Silvicultural Costs | |||
Fertilization $ ha−1 (age 3) | 198 | |||
Weed control $ ha−1 (age 1) | 33 | |||
Economic Parameters | State | |||
AL | FL | GA | SC | |
Price Pulpwood ($ m−3) | 13.1 | 11.8 | 12.4 | 11.9 |
Price biomass for bioenergy ($ Mg−1) | 4.2 | |||
Discount rate | 0.04 |
SI = 20 m | SI = 28 m | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | RCP4.5 | RCP8.5 | Baseline | RCP4.5 | RCP8.5 | |||||||
LEV LEVb 1 | t* | LEV LEVb | t* | LEV LEVb | t* | LEV LEVb | t* | LEV LEVb | t* | LEV LEVb | t* | |
Sites | $ ha−1 | years | $ ha−1 | years | $ ha−1 | years | $ ha−1 | years | $ ha−1 | years | $ ha−1 | years |
Alachua | 686.3 81.6 | 20 | 682.4 73.9 | 22 | 674.7 82.1 | 20 | 3740.5 82.2 | 15 | 4103.5 90.3 | 13 | 3941.2 86.6 | 14 |
Jefferson | 438.5 74.7 | 21 | 619.0 72.9 | 22 | 690.6 82.3 | 20 | 3947.9 193.1 | 14 | 4085.6 213.5 | 13 | 4222.6 203.7 | 14 |
Polk | 969.2 85.3 | 20 | 781.5 78.7 | 21 | 797.4 83.6 | 20 | 3997.5 194.8 | 14 | 4221.7 198.8 | 14 | 4186.3 201.2 | 14 |
Santa Rosa | 489.0 62.1 | 21 | 762.6 64.9 | 21 | 974.2 70.8 | 20 | 4662.2 187.9 | 13 | 4487.7 184.7 | 13 | 4621.3 185.0 | 13 |
Brantley | −3 9.565.2 | 23 | 265.5 71.9 | 22 | 222.7 75.6 | 21 | 2437.6 152.3 | 16 | 2530.0 155.3 | 16 | 2314.9 142.7 | 17 |
Dooly | −83.9 61.4 | 24 | 24.4 60.2 | 25 | 43.4 66.1 | 23 | 2228.9 138.7 | 17 | 2285.3 140.0 | 17 | 2333.8 157.6 | 15 |
Colleton | −280.1 54.6 | 26 | −18.4 62.8 | 24 | 41.4 66.6 | 23 | 2315.7 153.6 | 16 | 2403.6 154.5 | 16 | 2660.9 189.7 | 14 |
Covington | −213.0 57.6 | 25 | 128.4 63.0 | 24 | 261.9 71.2 | 22 | 2965.6 159.4 | 16 | 2994.2 180.6 | 14 | 3239.6 175.5 | 15 |
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Susaeta, A.; Lal, P. Impacts of Climate Change and Bioenergy Markets on the Profitability of Slash Pine Pulpwood Production in the Southeastern United States. Forests 2018, 9, 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9100656
Susaeta A, Lal P. Impacts of Climate Change and Bioenergy Markets on the Profitability of Slash Pine Pulpwood Production in the Southeastern United States. Forests. 2018; 9(10):656. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9100656
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusaeta, Andres, and Pankaj Lal. 2018. "Impacts of Climate Change and Bioenergy Markets on the Profitability of Slash Pine Pulpwood Production in the Southeastern United States" Forests 9, no. 10: 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9100656