The Reintroduction Analysis of European Bison (Bison bonasus L., 1758) in the North of Romania and the Identification of the Most Favourable Locations
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
- -
- The continuous breeding of captive and semi-free individuals, as the populations of European bison in zoos and reservations constitute a valuable genetic reserve for this species;
- -
- The continuation of reintroductions in the wild. These must be based on appropriate scientific data, requiring the identification of new reintroduction sites located mainly in the historical area of the species;
- -
- Ensuring the natural transfer of the gene pool between free herds in the Carpathians.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Favourable Habitats
2.2. The Dynamics of the Future Herds Released in the Wild
3. Results
3.1. Determining the Favourable Habitats and Hunting Grounds (HG)
- -
- Suceava county:
- (a)
- 21 Rarău, 22 Botoșana, 23 Negrileasa, 24 Frasin, 47 Voroneț, 69 Râșca, 70 Suha Mare, 71 Suha Mica;
- (b)
- 25 Dragoșa, 27 Moldovița, 28 Demacușa, 29 Brodina, 30 Nisipitu, 31 Straja, 32 Putna, 33 Codru Voivodeasa, 40 Sucevița, 41 Solca, 45 Humor Monastery;
- (c)
- 5 Chiril, 9 Negrișoara, 11Teșna, 12 Coșna, 17 Botuș, 18 Măgura.
- -
- Neamț County:
- (a)
- 1 Tazlău, 3 Iapa, 4 Calu, 6 Doamna-Oantu, 8 Murgoci, 9 Ardeluța, 10 Maieruș, 11 Tarcău, 12 Floarea, 13 Damuc, 14 Bicajel;
- (b)
- 7 Bisericani, 17 Schit, 19 Grințies, 20 Galu, 21 Hangu, 23 Sabasa, 24 Pipirig, 25 Secu, 26 Nemțisor, 29 Magazia, 33 Cuejdi-Almas;
- -
- Maramureș county:
- (a)
- 21 Baia Sprie, 22 Izvoare, 23 Agriș, 24 Huta, 25 Săpânța, 26 Câmpulung Tisa, 31 Valea Neagră;
- (b)
- 14 Salistea, 15 Baicu Ieud, 16 Botiza, 19 Slatioara, 20 Budești, 51 Strâmbu, 52 Rioaia, 53 Țibleș MM, 54 Suciuri-Groși;
- (c)
- 2 Faina, 3 Novat, 4 Viseu, 5 Rica, 7 Repedea, 8 Ruscova, 9 Bistra, 18 Bârsana.
3.2. The Dynamics in Space and Time of the Future Herds Released in the Wild
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
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- Forest vegetation (composition, consistency, age, regeneration, grass cover, etc.);
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- Additional areas not covered by forest vegetation (meadows, alpine barren zones, meadows, pastures, creditworthiness, property, etc.);
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- Water sources and their availability throughout the year (relatively constant flow, frost, pollution, multiple use, etc.);
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- Potential man-made or natural barriers (fences, precipices, deep rivers, roads, settlements, new infrastructure projects) and their permeability (traffic, fords, etc.);
- -
- Existing infrastructure on the HGs (food lands, feeders, salt marshes, fodder depots/bailments, feeding places, hunting lodges, etc.);
- -
- Social acceptance.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. of Points | Land Use Classes |
---|---|
0 points | 111—continuous urban areas, 112—Artificial areas, 121—Industrial, commercial and transport units, 122—Road and rail networks and associated lands, 124—Airports, 131—Mineral extraction sites, 132—Dump sites, 133—Construction sites, 141—Green urban areas, 142—Sport and leisure facilities, 331—Beaches, dunes, sands, 332—Bare rocks, 333—Sparsely vegetated areas, 512—Water bodies |
20 points | 211-non-irrigated agricultural land, 212—Permanently irrigated land, 213—Arable land, 221—Vineyards, 222—Fruit trees and berry plantations, 322—Moors and heathland, 411—Inland marshes, 511—Water courses, 512-Water bodies |
40 points | 312—coniferous forests |
70 points | 311—deciduous forests |
80 points | 231—pastures, 242—Complex cultivation patterns, 243—Land mainly occupied by agriculture, with significant areas of natural vegetation |
90 points | 321—natural meadows, 324—Transitional woodland shrub |
100 points | 313 mixed forests |
Category | The Name of the Category | Score (fv) Points |
---|---|---|
0 | non-habitat | 0 |
1 | limited habitat | 0–25 |
2 | moderate habitat | 25–50 |
3 | good habitat | 50–75 |
4 | excellent habitat | >75 |
Scenario/Simulation | Wisent 2 | hr4 (1) | hr4 (2) | hr4 (3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Adult females—supplementation | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
Adult males—supplementation | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
Young females—supplementation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Young males—supplementation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
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Dănilă, G.; Cătănoiu, S.; Simioniuc, V.; Roșca, S. The Reintroduction Analysis of European Bison (Bison bonasus L., 1758) in the North of Romania and the Identification of the Most Favourable Locations. Forests 2022, 13, 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13060920
Dănilă G, Cătănoiu S, Simioniuc V, Roșca S. The Reintroduction Analysis of European Bison (Bison bonasus L., 1758) in the North of Romania and the Identification of the Most Favourable Locations. Forests. 2022; 13(6):920. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13060920
Chicago/Turabian StyleDănilă, Gabriel, Sebastian Cătănoiu, Valerian Simioniuc, and Sanda Roșca. 2022. "The Reintroduction Analysis of European Bison (Bison bonasus L., 1758) in the North of Romania and the Identification of the Most Favourable Locations" Forests 13, no. 6: 920. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13060920