Impact of Macrotexture and Microtexture on the Skid Resistance of Asphalt Pavement Using Three-Dimensional (3D) Reconstruction and Printing Technology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Real Asphalt Pavement Specimens
2.2. Capturing of the Surface Macrotexture Topography and Its Optimization
2.3. 3D Reconstruction and 3D Printing of Specimens
2.4. Microtexture Measurement of the Printed Specimens
2.5. Comparison of Skid Resistance of Real and Printed Specimens
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microtexture Verification of the Printed Specimens
3.2. Comparisons of Skid Resistance for Real and Printed Specimens
3.3. Impact of Macrotexture on Skid Resistance
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- 3D reconstruction methods and 3D printing technology are feasible to achieve the reproduction of the macrotexture of asphalt pavement. The results from AFM show that five printed specimens have similar microtexture, where the RSD values of Ra and Rq are 2.2% and 4.4%, respectively. The BPN of the smooth bottom surfaces was also measured; the RSD values of BPN are 0.4% and 1.6% for the dry and wet conditions, respectively. It can be concluded that the printed specimens have similar microtexture, and the effect of microtexture on skid resistance can be ignored for the further analysis is of macrotexture effect.
- (2)
- The variations of the BPN values under the dry and wet conditions for five kinds of real asphalt mixture specimens are insignificant with the change of the mixture type, and its variations are within 10 units. The impact of thin water film on the skid resistance for the real asphalt mixtures is insignificant, while the skid resistance of the printed specimens is considerably reduced when the surface condition changes from dry to wet. The printed specimens under dry conditions show a similar BPN to the real pavement specimens under wet conditions, whereas, although the BPN for specimens printed in wet conditions are much smaller than for real specimens, they follow a similar variation trend.
- (3)
- MPD values of four printed AC mixtures are well linearly correlated with their BPN for AC mixtures under dry and wet conditions, especially for wet conditions with R2 of 0.91. The variations of the macrotexture and microtexture contribution proportions on skid resistance are insignificant with the mixture type. The contribution proportions show a remarkable difference when the pavement surface conditions change from dry to wet. The proportion of macrotexture on the skid resistance is nearly 90% for the dry conditions and about 50% for the wet conditions.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Properties | Measured Values | Standard Values |
---|---|---|
Specific gravity (g/cm3) | 1.19 | - |
Penetration (0.1 mm, 25 °C) | 90.5 | 80~100 |
Ductility (cm, 15 °C) | 136 | ≥100 |
Softening point (°C) | 46.5 | ≥44 |
Aggregate Types | Properties | Aggregate Sizes (mm) | Standard | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19 mm | 16 mm | 13.2 mm | 9.5 mm | 4.75 mm | |||
Coarse | Specific gravity (g/cm3) | 2.723 | 2.731 | 2.746 | 2.749 | 2.762 | ≥2.5 |
Water absorption (%) | 1.23 | 1.08 | 1.03 | 0.86 | 0.59 | ≤3.0 | |
Crashing value (%) | 11.3 | ≤25 | |||||
Polished stone value | 45 | ≥40 | |||||
Elongated particle contents (%) | 8.9 | ≤18 | |||||
Fine | Specific gravity (g/cm3) | 2.782 | ≥2.5 | ||||
Sand equivalent (%) | 68 | ≥60 | |||||
methylene blue | 20 | ≤25 | |||||
<0.075 mm Particles content (%) | 1.65 | ≤3 |
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Guo, F.; Zhang, J.; Pei, J.; He, H.; Yao, T.; Wang, D. Impact of Macrotexture and Microtexture on the Skid Resistance of Asphalt Pavement Using Three-Dimensional (3D) Reconstruction and Printing Technology. Materials 2025, 18, 2597. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112597
Guo F, Zhang J, Pei J, He H, Yao T, Wang D. Impact of Macrotexture and Microtexture on the Skid Resistance of Asphalt Pavement Using Three-Dimensional (3D) Reconstruction and Printing Technology. Materials. 2025; 18(11):2597. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112597
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Fucheng, Jiupeng Zhang, Jianzhong Pei, Haiqi He, Tengfei Yao, and Di Wang. 2025. "Impact of Macrotexture and Microtexture on the Skid Resistance of Asphalt Pavement Using Three-Dimensional (3D) Reconstruction and Printing Technology" Materials 18, no. 11: 2597. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112597
APA StyleGuo, F., Zhang, J., Pei, J., He, H., Yao, T., & Wang, D. (2025). Impact of Macrotexture and Microtexture on the Skid Resistance of Asphalt Pavement Using Three-Dimensional (3D) Reconstruction and Printing Technology. Materials, 18(11), 2597. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112597