Assessing the Effect of Damage and Steel Fiber Content on the Self-Sensing Ability of Coal Gangue-Cemented Composite by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)

Xiao, Meng; Ju, Feng; He, Zequan; Ning, Pai; Wang, Tengfei; Wang, Dong

doi:10.3390/ma18112467

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Assessing the Effect of Damage and Steel Fiber Content on the Self-Sensing Ability of Coal Gangue-Cemented Composite by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)

by

Meng Xiao

¹

,

Feng Ju

^1,*,

Zequan He

²,

Pai Ning

¹,

Tengfei Wang

¹ and

Dong Wang

¹

State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China

²

School of Mechanics and Optoelectronic Physics, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232002, China

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Materials 2025, 18(11), 2467; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112467 (registering DOI)

Submission received: 15 April 2025 / Revised: 12 May 2025 / Accepted: 23 May 2025 / Published: 24 May 2025

(This article belongs to the Section Advanced Composites)

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Abstract

Steel fibers (SFs) can form stable conductive networks in coal gangue-cemented composites (CGCCs), endowing CGCCs with excellent mechanical, electrical and self-sensing properties. Meanwhile, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) provides a potential approach to evaluate the damage situation of SF-reinforced CGCC. In this paper, EIS responses of CGCCs with different SF content and damage levels were determined. An equivalent circuit was then explored, and the effect of the SF content and damage levels on its parameters was investigated. It was observed that CGCC with 0.8% SFs yielded the best result in terms of mechanical and self-sensing ability. In addition, damage such as microcracks primarily affects the conductive pathways induced by pores rather than those induced by SFs. More importantly, as a non-destructive method, the EIS technique is practical and promising for monitoring damage conditions of SF-reinforced CGCC in underground engineering.

Keywords: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; EIS; coal gangue-cemented composites; self-sensing; equivalent circuits

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MDPI and ACS Style

Xiao, M.; Ju, F.; He, Z.; Ning, P.; Wang, T.; Wang, D. Assessing the Effect of Damage and Steel Fiber Content on the Self-Sensing Ability of Coal Gangue-Cemented Composite by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Materials 2025, 18, 2467. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112467

AMA Style

Xiao M, Ju F, He Z, Ning P, Wang T, Wang D. Assessing the Effect of Damage and Steel Fiber Content on the Self-Sensing Ability of Coal Gangue-Cemented Composite by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Materials. 2025; 18(11):2467. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112467

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiao, Meng, Feng Ju, Zequan He, Pai Ning, Tengfei Wang, and Dong Wang. 2025. "Assessing the Effect of Damage and Steel Fiber Content on the Self-Sensing Ability of Coal Gangue-Cemented Composite by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)" Materials 18, no. 11: 2467. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112467

APA Style

Xiao, M., Ju, F., He, Z., Ning, P., Wang, T., & Wang, D. (2025). Assessing the Effect of Damage and Steel Fiber Content on the Self-Sensing Ability of Coal Gangue-Cemented Composite by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Materials, 18(11), 2467. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18112467

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Assessing the Effect of Damage and Steel Fiber Content on the Self-Sensing Ability of Coal Gangue-Cemented Composite by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)

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