Arrhenius Equation-Based Cell-Health Assessment: Application to Thermal Energy Management Design of a HEV NiMH Battery Pack
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Effect of Temperature Gradient on Cell Degradation Variation
2.1. Model Structure Based on Arrhenius Equation
2.2. Model Parameter Calibration
2.2.1. Linear Identifiable Form
2.2.2. HEV NiMH Cell Aging Test
Temperature/°C | Quadratic function/% |
---|---|
25 | Cd = 3.2 × 10−5 n2 − 9.8 × 10−4 n + 0.21 |
40 | Cd = 2.6 × 10−5 n2 + 6 × 10−3 n + 0.15 |
50 | Cd = 2.3 × 10−5 n2 + 9 × 10−3 n + 0.13 |
Temperature/°C | 25 | 40 | 50 |
---|---|---|---|
Cycle life | 801.87 | 765.96 | 754.19 |
2.2.3. Least-Squares Algorithm Based Parameterization
Result | ⋀ | λ |
---|---|---|
Estimate | −5.61 × 10−4 | 240.74 |
Standard error (1 Sigma) | 6.20 × 10−5 | 34.29 |
2.3. Assessment Criterion
3. Feasibility Assessment of Primitive NiMH Battery Pack Design with its Cooling System
3.1. Experimental Analysis
Thickness | 23.5 mm |
Width | 60 mm |
Height | 84 mm |
Weight | 180 g |
Nominal Voltage | 1.2 V |
Nominal Capacity | 6.5 Ah |
Power Density | ≥ 1400 W/kg |
Energy Density | ≥ 44 Wh/kg |
Ambient Temperature | −40 ~ 80 °C |
Working Temperature | −30 ~ 60 °C |
Usable SOC range | 30% ~ 80% |
3.2. Analysis of the Shortcomings of the Preliminary Design
Layer No. | Flow/ Kg/s | Flow percent |
---|---|---|
1 | 0.0130 | 29.23% |
2 | 0.0170 | 38.11% |
3 | 0.0145 | 32.66% |
4. Improved Thermal Energy Management
4.1. Enhanced Structure Design
Width | 444 mm |
Length | 542 mm |
Height | 198 mm |
Weight | 35 kg |
Nominal Capacity | 6.5 Ah |
Nominal Voltage | 144 V |
Number of cells | 120 |
4.2. Simulation Validation
4.3. Experimental Validation
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
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Yang, Y.; Hu, X.; Qing, D.; Chen, F. Arrhenius Equation-Based Cell-Health Assessment: Application to Thermal Energy Management Design of a HEV NiMH Battery Pack. Energies 2013, 6, 2709-2725. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6052709
Yang Y, Hu X, Qing D, Chen F. Arrhenius Equation-Based Cell-Health Assessment: Application to Thermal Energy Management Design of a HEV NiMH Battery Pack. Energies. 2013; 6(5):2709-2725. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6052709
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Yalian, Xiaosong Hu, Datong Qing, and Fangyuan Chen. 2013. "Arrhenius Equation-Based Cell-Health Assessment: Application to Thermal Energy Management Design of a HEV NiMH Battery Pack" Energies 6, no. 5: 2709-2725. https://doi.org/10.3390/en6052709