Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction

8 pages, 456 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Endoscopic Management of Orbital and Frontal Sinus Fractures

by Oliver Simmons and Paul N. Manson

Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr. 2009, 2(3), 177-184; https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1098967 - 8 Sep 2009

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 28

Abstract

Endoscopy is not a new concept to medicine [...] Full article

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15 pages, 1018 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Frontal Sinus Fractures: Current Concepts

by E. Bradley Strong

Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr. 2009, 2(3), 161-175; https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1234020 - 6 Aug 2009

Cited by 44 | Viewed by 79

Abstract

Frontal sinus injuries may range from isolated anterior table fractures resulting in a simple aesthetic deformity to complex fractures involving the frontal recess, orbits, skull base, and intracranial contents. The risk of long-term morbidity can be significant. Optimal treatment strategies for the management [...] Read more.

Frontal sinus injuries may range from isolated anterior table fractures resulting in a simple aesthetic deformity to complex fractures involving the frontal recess, orbits, skull base, and intracranial contents. The risk of long-term morbidity can be significant. Optimal treatment strategies for the management of frontal sinus fractures remain controversial. However, it is critical to have a thorough understanding of frontal sinus anatomy as well as the current treatment strategies used to manage these injuries. A thorough physical exam and thin-cut, multiplanar (axial, coronal, and sagittal) computed tomography scan should be performed in all patients suspected of having a frontal sinus fracture. The most appropriate treatment strategy can be determined by assessing five anatomic parameters including the: frontal recess, anterior table integrity, posterior table integrity, dural integrity, and presence of a cerebrospinal fluid leak. A well thought out management strategy and meticulous surgical techniques are critical to success. The primary surgical goal is to provide a safe sinus while minimizing patient morbidity. This article offers an anatomically based treatment algorithm for the management of frontal sinus fractures and highlights the key steps to surgical repair. Full article

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10 pages, 634 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Review of Bone Substitutes

by Landon S. Pryor, Earl Gage, Claude-Jean Langevin, Fernando Herrera, Andrew D. Breithaupt, Chad R. Gordon, Ahmed M. Afifi, James E. Zins, Hal Meltzer, Amanda Gosman, Steve R. Cohen and Ralph Holmes

Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr. 2009, 2(3), 151-160; https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1224777 - 2 Jun 2009

Cited by 64 | Viewed by 62

Abstract

Bone substitutes are being increasingly used in craniofacial surgery and craniomaxillofacial trauma. We will review the history of the biomaterials and describe the ideal characteristics of bone substitutes, with a specific emphasis on craniofacial reconstruction. Some of the most commonly used bone substitutes [...] Read more.

Bone substitutes are being increasingly used in craniofacial surgery and craniomaxillofacial trauma. We will review the history of the biomaterials and describe the ideal characteristics of bone substitutes, with a specific emphasis on craniofacial reconstruction. Some of the most commonly used bone substitutes are discussed in more depth, such as calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite ceramics and cements, bioactive glass, and polymer products. Areas of active research and future directions include tissue engineering, with an increasing emphasis on bioactivity of the implant. Full article

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10 pages, 578 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chin IX: Unusual Soft Tissue Problems of the Lower Face

by Roberto L. Flores and Barry M. Zide

Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr. 2009, 2(3), 141-150; https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1224776 - 27 May 2009

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 56

Abstract

When the editor asked me to write something related to the chin, I (B.M.Z.) told him I would like to concentrate on the soft tissue of the perioral and chin region, something previously not presented before in this Journal specifically or anywhere. Dr. [...] Read more.

When the editor asked me to write something related to the chin, I (B.M.Z.) told him I would like to concentrate on the soft tissue of the perioral and chin region, something previously not presented before in this Journal specifically or anywhere. Dr. Flores and I have chosen certain soft tissue cases of the lower face, each of which presents certain dilemmas. The reconstructive methods in each case are unique, previously not shown, and represent salvage from prior failures. Case 1 shows how an interior Abbe flap can be used for ipsilateral lip reconstruction. Case 2 shows how a large upper lateral lip elemental loss can be regained from cheek and not the lower lip. Cases 3 and 4 show how to regain proper white roll bulge and symmetry by overcorrection, then exact adjustment in a second stage. Case 5 shows how a failed chin/lip reconstruction can be salvaged to regain sulcus height and aesthetic unit reconstruction. Each case depicts unique reconstructive designs to produce an aesthetic final result. Full article

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5 pages, 177 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Medial Wall Fracture: An Update

by Christopher Thiagarajah and Robert C. Kersten

Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr. 2009, 2(3), 135-139; https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1224775 - 27 May 2009

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 80

Abstract

This article is a review of the literature and update for management of medial orbital wall fractures. A retrospective review of the literature was performed via PubMed to review the diagnosis and management of medial wall orbital fractures. Medial wall orbital fractures though [...] Read more.

This article is a review of the literature and update for management of medial orbital wall fractures. A retrospective review of the literature was performed via PubMed to review the diagnosis and management of medial wall orbital fractures. Medial wall orbital fractures though commonly accompanying orbital floor fractures can also occur alone. There are two primary theories explaining the pathophysiology of medial wall fractures: the hydraulic theory and buckling theory. Most fractures do not require treatment. “White-eyed” trapdoor fractures necessitate immediate surgery to reduce the risk of muscle fibrosis. Trapdoor fractures are more common in the pediatric population. The vast majority of nondisplaced fractures without entrapment do not require surgery. Evaluating patients with medial wall fractures requires evaluation of muscle motility and relative enophthalmos. Patients with entrapped muscles require immediate treatment to prevent permanent injury to the muscle. Full article

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10 pages, 250 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bone Grafts in Craniofacial Surgery

by Mohammed E. Elsalanty and David G. Genecov

Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr. 2009, 2(3), 125-134; https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1215875 - 14 Apr 2009

Cited by 161 | Viewed by 121

Abstract

Reconstruction of cranial and maxillofacial defects is a challenging task. The standard reconstruction method has been bone grafting. In this review, we shall describe the biological principles of bone graft healing, as pertinent to craniofacial reconstruction. Different types and sources of bone grafts [...] Read more.

Reconstruction of cranial and maxillofacial defects is a challenging task. The standard reconstruction method has been bone grafting. In this review, we shall describe the biological principles of bone graft healing, as pertinent to craniofacial reconstruction. Different types and sources of bone grafts will be discussed, as well as new methods of bone defect reconstruction. Full article

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8 pages, 90 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Blindness Following Facial Fracture: Treatment Modalities and Outcomes

by Ronald P. Bossert and John A. Girotto

Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr. 2009, 2(3), 117-124; https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1215874 - 14 Apr 2009

Cited by 17

Abstract

Blindness is an uncommon, yet documented complication of facial trauma. Numerous case studies, series, and retrospective analyses have been published, with a reported incidence around 3%. Hippocrates first noted the association between maxillofacial trauma and blindness; millennia later, this was expounded upon by [...] Read more.

Blindness is an uncommon, yet documented complication of facial trauma. Numerous case studies, series, and retrospective analyses have been published, with a reported incidence around 3%. Hippocrates first noted the association between maxillofacial trauma and blindness; millennia later, this was expounded upon by Berlin, who discovered such trauma may directly lead to fracturing of the optic canal. As diagnostic modalities such as computed tomographic scanning evolved, particularly over the past few decades, more specific, in-depth reports analyzing maxillofacial trauma and subsequent sequelae have emerged. It is the goal of this article to examine the current literature for those publications that have addressed the issue of blindness following facial trauma (including operative interventions) and create a concise review for maxillofacial surgeons. Full article

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Craniomaxillofac. Trauma Reconstr., Volume 2, Issue 3 (October 2009) – 7 articles

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