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Volume 23
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10.3390/ijms232113192
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Article

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based on Chitosan for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Removal

by
Ilaria Silvestro
1,2,
Marta Fernández-García
2,3,*,
Clarissa Ciarlantini
1,
Iolanda Francolini
1,
Annamaria Girelli
1 and
Antonella Piozzi
1,*
1
Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
2
Institute of Polymer Science and Technology (ICTP-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
3
Interdisciplinary Platform for Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy-Spanish National Research Council (SusPlast-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 13192; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113192
Submission received: 20 September 2022 / Revised: 17 October 2022 / Accepted: 26 October 2022 / Published: 29 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan Functionalizations, Formulations and Composites 3.0)
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Abstract

The development of low-cost and eco-friendly materials for the removal of pollutants from water is one of the main modern challenges. For this purpose, molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared under optimized conditions starting from chitosan (CS), chemically or ionically modified with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) or itaconic acid (ITA), respectively. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was used as a template, obtaining the CS_GMA and CS_ITA series. The influence of the template concentration on the MIPs’ (molecularly imprinted polymers) morphology, thermal behaviour and swelling ability, as well as on the 2,4-D removal capacity, were analyzed. The amount of the template used for the imprinting, together with the different permeability of the matrices, were the key factors driving the analyte uptake process. Despite the good performance shown by the non-imprinted CS_GMA sample, the best results were obtained when CS_GMA was imprinted with the highest amount (5%) of template (CS_GMA_5). This system was also more efficient when consecutive adsorption experiments were carried out. In addition, CS_GMA_5 had a desorption efficiency of 90–100% when a low pesticide concentration was used. These findings suggest that the presence of imprinted cavities could be useful in improving the performance of sorbent materials making CS_GMA_5 a possible candidate for 2,4-D removal.
Keywords: chitosan; chitosan functionalization; molecularly imprinted polymers; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; pollutant removal chitosan; chitosan functionalization; molecularly imprinted polymers; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid; pollutant removal

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MDPI and ACS Style

Silvestro, I.; Fernández-García, M.; Ciarlantini, C.; Francolini, I.; Girelli, A.; Piozzi, A. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based on Chitosan for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Removal. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 13192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113192

AMA Style

Silvestro I, Fernández-García M, Ciarlantini C, Francolini I, Girelli A, Piozzi A. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based on Chitosan for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Removal. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(21):13192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113192

Chicago/Turabian Style

Silvestro, Ilaria, Marta Fernández-García, Clarissa Ciarlantini, Iolanda Francolini, Annamaria Girelli, and Antonella Piozzi. 2022. "Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based on Chitosan for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Removal" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 21: 13192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113192

APA Style

Silvestro, I., Fernández-García, M., Ciarlantini, C., Francolini, I., Girelli, A., & Piozzi, A. (2022). Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Based on Chitosan for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Removal. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(21), 13192. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232113192

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