Understanding Employees’ Energy Saving in the Workplace: DR and the Philippines’ Realities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Statement of the Problem
- What are the influences of the following factors on the ISE?:
- 1.1.
- SN;
- 1.2.
- DN;
- 1.3.
- EK.
- Is there a mediation effect of EK on the following?:
- 2.1.
- relationship between SN and the ISE;
- 2.2.
- relationship between DN and the ISE.
2. Conceptual Framework and Research Model
2.1. Subjective Norms
2.2. Descriptive Norms
2.3. Environmental Knowledge
2.4. Intention to Save Energy
3. Materials and Methods
4. Analysis and Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions and Managerial Implications
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Question | Variable Definition |
---|---|
Subjective norms | |
My colleagues think that I should save energy in my company. | SN1 |
My managers think that I should save energy in my company. | SN2 |
The high-level management team would want me to save energy in my company. | SN3 |
Others who are important to me think I should save energy in my company. | SN4 |
Descriptive norm | |
My colleagues have taken actions to save energy in my company. | DN1 |
A number of employees in my company I know have participated in energy-saving behavior. | DN2 |
My manager and the high-level management team have participated in energy-saving behavior. | DN3 |
Others who are important to me have participated in energy-saving behavior. | DN4 |
Environmental Knowledge | |
I know that I buy products and packages that are environmentally safe and manufactured based on energy-saving processes | EK1 |
I know more about recycling and energy saving than the average person. | EK2 |
I am very knowledgeable about environmental issues and energy saving. | EK3 |
I understand the various phrases and symbols related to the environment and energy saving on product packages. | EK4 |
I know how to select products and packages that reduce the amount of waste dumping and energy. | EK5 |
Intention to save energy | |
I am willing to save energy in my company. | ISE1 |
I intend to engage in energy-saving activities in my company. | ISE2 |
I will make an effort to save energy in my company. | ISE3 |
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Characteristic | n (%) DR | n (%) PH | Characteristic | n (%) DR | n (%) PH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Education | ||||
Female | 162 (47.6) | 216 (63.7) | >than high school degree | - | 10 (2.9) |
Male | 178 (52.5) | 123 (36.3) | High school degree | 9 (2.6) | 41 (12.1) |
Age | Some college but no degree | 85 (25.0) | 40 (11.8) | ||
18–24 | 41 (12.1) | 112 (33.0) | Associate degree | 46 (13.5) | 7 (2.1) |
25–34 | 132 (38.8) | 137 (40.4) | Bachelor’s degree | 59 (17.4) | 177 (52.2) |
35–44 | 71 (20.9) | 55 (16.2) | Graduate degree | 141 (41.5) | 64 (18.9) |
45–54 | 54 (15.9) | 26 (7.7) | Income | ||
55–64 | 33 (9.7) | 7 (2.1) | USD 0–4999 | 187 (55.0) | 217 (64.0) |
65+ | 9 (2.6) | 2 (0.6) | USD 5000–9999 | 42 (12.4) | 57 (16.8) |
Employment type | USD 10,000–14,999 | 11 (3.2) | 22 (6.5) | ||
Part-time | 47 (13.8) | 81 (23.9) | USD 15,000–19,999 | 15 (4.4) | 169 (4.7) |
Full-time | 293 (86.2) | 258 (76.1) | USD 20,000–24,999 | 15 (4.4) | 8 (2.4) |
USD 25,000 and up | 70 (20.6) | 19 (5.6) |
SN(P) | DN(P) | EK(P) | ISE(P) | SN(DR) | DN(DR) | EK(DR) | ISE(DR) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | 1.72 | 1.88 | 1.97 | 1.51 | 2.05 | 2.37 | 2.25 | 1.35 |
SD | 0.65 | 0.64 | 0.59 | 0.54 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.74 | 0.51 |
CA | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.86 | 0.88 | 0.87 | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.86 |
Correlations | ||||||||
SN | 1 | 0.511 ** | 0.398 ** | 0.461 ** | 1 | 0.469 ** | 0.285 ** | 0.217 ** |
DN | 0.511 ** | 1 | 0.540 ** | 0.613 ** | 0.469 ** | 1 | 0.417 ** | 0.304 ** |
EK | 0.398 ** | 0.540 ** | 1 | 0.495 ** | 0.285 ** | 0.417 ** | 1 | 0.205 ** |
ISE | 0.461 ** | 0.613 ** | 0.495 ** | 1 | 0.217 ** | 0.307 ** | 0.205 ** | 1 |
Factor/Item | FL-PH | FL-DR | CR-PH | CR-DR | AVE-PH | AVE-DR | MSV-PH | MSV-DR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Descriptive norms | 0.91 | 0.88 | 0.71 | 0.65 | 0.46 | 0.27 | ||
DN1 | 0.84 | 0.76 | ||||||
DN2 | 0.85 | 0.83 | ||||||
DN3 | 0.83 | 0.87 | ||||||
DN4 | 0.85 | 0.77 | ||||||
Subjective norms | 0.91 | 0.88 | 0.71 | 0.64 | 0.32 | 0.27 | ||
SN1 | 0.79 | 0.78 | ||||||
SN2 | 0.87 | 0.84 | ||||||
SN3 | 0.86 | 0.76 | ||||||
SN4 | 0.87 | 0.81 | ||||||
Environmental Knowledge | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.56 | 0.53 | 0.34 | 0.22 | ||
EK1 | 0.63 | 0.50 | ||||||
EK2 | 0.70 | 0.74 | ||||||
EK3 | 0.76 | 0.77 | ||||||
EK4 | 0.77 | 0.79 | ||||||
EK5 | 0.84 | 0.79 | ||||||
Intention to save energy | 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.72 | 0.69 | 0.46 | 0.12 | ||
ISE1 | 0.80 | 0.84 | ||||||
ISE2 | 0.91 | 0.83 | ||||||
ISE3 | 0.84 | 0.84 |
Hypothesis | Standardized Estimate | p-Value | Decision | |
---|---|---|---|---|
H1a | ISE <--- SN | 0.11 | 0.014 | Accepted |
H1b | ISE <--- SN | 0.03 | 0.403 | Rejected |
H2a | ISE <--- DN | 0.37 | <0.001 | Accepted |
H2b | ISE <--- DN | 0.13 | 0.001 | Accepted |
H3a | ISE <--- EK | 0.20 | <0.001 | Accepted |
H3b | ISE <--- EK | 0.02 | 0.641 | Rejected |
Mediation | Total Effect/p-value | Indirect Effect/p-value | Direct Effect/p-value | Results |
H4a | 0.14 (0.011) | 0.03 (0.019) | 0.12 (0.052) | Partial mediation |
H4b | 0.46 (0.001) | 0.09 (0.004) | 0.37 (0.001) | Partial mediation |
H5a | 0.03 (0.399) | 0.00 (0.581) | 0.08 (0.394) | No mediation |
H5b | 0.14 (0.001) | 0.02 (0.628) | 0.27 (0.005) | No mediation |
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Camacho, L.J.; Pasco, M.; Banks, M.; Pasco, R.; Almanzar, M.; Rodriguez, A.; Amoo, A.; Rosima, N. Understanding Employees’ Energy Saving in the Workplace: DR and the Philippines’ Realities. J. Risk Financial Manag. 2023, 16, 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16010049
Camacho LJ, Pasco M, Banks M, Pasco R, Almanzar M, Rodriguez A, Amoo A, Rosima N. Understanding Employees’ Energy Saving in the Workplace: DR and the Philippines’ Realities. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. 2023; 16(1):49. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16010049
Chicago/Turabian StyleCamacho, Luis J., Michael Pasco, Moises Banks, Randall Pasco, Marisela Almanzar, Alvin Rodriguez, Akinlawon Amoo, and Nelda Rosima. 2023. "Understanding Employees’ Energy Saving in the Workplace: DR and the Philippines’ Realities" Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, no. 1: 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16010049