Association between Known Risk Factors and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Indigenous People Participating in the Ontario Familial Colon Cancer Registry

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in Ontario and imposes a high burden on many Indigenous populations. There are two aims for this short communication: (1) Highlight colorectal risk factor findings from a population-based case–control study; (2) Highlight trends and challenges of colorectal cancer research in Indigenous populations in Ontario. Methods: Prevalences of cigarette smoking, obesity, fruit and vegetable consumption, and family history of colorectal cancer were estimated using the Indigenous identifier in the Ontario Familial Colon Cancer Registry for 1999–2007 and then compared for cases and controls using age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The registry search identified 66 Indigenous cases and 23 Indigenous controls. Cigarette smoking (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 0.63 to 5.60) and obesity (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 0.72 to 6.46) were higher in cases, but not statistically significantly so. Conclusions: Findings were consistent with previous literature describing Indigenous populations. A small sample size and poor Indigenous identification questions make it challenging to comprehensively understand cancer risk factors and burden in Indigenous populations.