Adolescent Vulnerability to Internet Media Exposure: The Role of Self-Mastery in Mitigating Post-Traumatic Symptoms
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. The Rise of the Internet and Social Media
1.2. Internet Media Exposure to Armed Conflict Events
1.3. Internet Media Exposure to Armed Conflict Events Among Adolescents
1.4. Internet Media Exposure to Armed Conflict Events Among Young Adults
1.5. The Developmental Perspective on Brain Changes from Adolescence to Adulthood
1.6. Adolescent Coping with Trauma
Self-Mastery as a Resilience Factor
1.7. The Present Study
1.8. Hypotheses
- A.
- Direct Relationship between Internet Media Exposure and Symptoms: Hypothesis 1 posited a positive relationship between the extent of internet media exposure to armed conflict events and levels of post-traumatic symptoms and psychiatric symptomatology for each age group.
- B.
- Direct Relationship between Direct Exposure and Symptoms: Hypothesis 2 posited a positive relationship between the severity of direct exposure to armed conflict events and levels of post-traumatic symptoms and psychiatric symptomatology for each age group.
- C.
- Moderation Effect of Self-Mastery: Hypothesis 3 posited that self-mastery will moderate the relationship between exposure to armed conflict events, both direct and via the internet, and post-traumatic symptoms and psychiatric symptomatology for each age group.
- D.
- Exploratory Question on Age Group Differences: An exploratory analysis aimed to investigate potential differences between adolescents and young adults in the effects of direct and internet-based exposure to armed conflict events, including the moderating role of self-mastery for each age group.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.2.1. Direct Exposure to Armed Conflict Events
2.2.2. Internet Media Exposure to Armed Conflict Events
2.2.3. Self-Mastery
2.2.4. Psychiatric Symptoms
2.2.5. Post-Traumatic Symptoms
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Preliminary Analysis
3.2. Mediation Moderation Analysis
4. Discussion
Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | 0.11 | 0.18 * | 0.00 | −0.08 |
| −0.12 | - | −0.07 | 0.02 | 0.17 * |
| −0.07 | 0.04 | - | −0.33 *** | −0.32 *** |
| 0.32 *** | −0.06 | −0.65 *** | - | 0.74 *** |
| 0.26 ** | 0.05 | −0.45 *** | 0.65 *** | - |
Adolescents | |||||
M | 2.36 | 0.43 | 3.64 | 2.33 | 1.44 |
SD | 0.66 | 0.37 | 0.81 | 0.86 | 0.61 |
Young Adults | |||||
M | 2.64 | 0.64 | 3.87 | 1.80 | 1.29 |
SD | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.53 | 0.82 | 0.65 |
t-test | −3.81 *** | −4.31 *** | −2.98 ** | 5.71 *** | 2.18 * |
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Slone, M.; Peer, A.; Egozi, M. Adolescent Vulnerability to Internet Media Exposure: The Role of Self-Mastery in Mitigating Post-Traumatic Symptoms. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22040589
Slone M, Peer A, Egozi M. Adolescent Vulnerability to Internet Media Exposure: The Role of Self-Mastery in Mitigating Post-Traumatic Symptoms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2025; 22(4):589. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22040589
Chicago/Turabian StyleSlone, Michelle, Ayelet Peer, and Michael Egozi. 2025. "Adolescent Vulnerability to Internet Media Exposure: The Role of Self-Mastery in Mitigating Post-Traumatic Symptoms" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 4: 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22040589
APA StyleSlone, M., Peer, A., & Egozi, M. (2025). Adolescent Vulnerability to Internet Media Exposure: The Role of Self-Mastery in Mitigating Post-Traumatic Symptoms. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(4), 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22040589