Types and Characteristics of Stress Coping in Women Undergoing Infertility Treatment in Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Sample
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Stress Coping in Women with Infertility
2.2.2. Resilience
2.2.3. Fertility Adaptation
2.2.4. Spousal Support
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.5. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.1.1. General Characteristics
3.1.2. Infertility-Related Characteristics
3.2. Levels of Stress Coping, Resilience, Infertility Adaptation, and Spousal Support
3.3. Types of Stress Coping
3.4. Characteristic Research Variables Based on the Types of Stress Coping
3.5. Predicted Characteristics by Type of Stress Coping
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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General Characteristics | Categories | n (%) | Infertility Characteristics | Categories | n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 20~25 | 1 (0.8) | Infertility factors | Unexplained | 44 (36.7) |
26~30 | 10 (8.3) | male | 14 (11.7) | ||
31~35 | 40 (33.4) | female | 36 (30.0) | ||
36~40 | 33 (27.5) | both | 26 (21.6) | ||
≥41 | 36 (30.0) | Infertility treat period (years) | 1–<3 | 70 (58.3) | |
Religion | Yes | 56 (46.7) | 3–< 5 | 28 (23.3) | |
No | 64 (53.3) | 5–<10 | 17 (14.2) | ||
Education level | ≤High school | 12 (10.0) | ≥10 | 5 (4.2) | |
≥College | 108 (90.0) | Types of infertility treatment | IUI | 12 (10.0) | |
Job | Yes | 73 (60.8) | IVF | 88 (73.3) | |
No | 47 (39.2) | OI | 17 (14.2) | ||
Marriage period (years) | 1~<3 | 48 (40.0) | Etc | 3 (2.5) | |
3~<5 | 37 (30.9) | IVF experience | No | 50 (41.7) | |
5~<7 | 19 (15.8) | Once | 18 (15.0) | ||
≥7 | 16 (13.3) | 2–3 | 18 (15.0) | ||
Monthly income (10,000 won) | <200 | 41 (34.2) | 4–6 | 21 (17.5) | |
200~<300 | 38 (31.6) | 6 | 4 (3.3) | ||
300~<500 | 32 (26.7) | ≥7 | 9 (7.5) | ||
≥500 | 9 (7.5) | Abortion experience | No | 64 (53.3) | |
Family member | Spouse | 93 (77.5) | S.A | 34 (28.3) | |
Spouse and child | 22 (18.3) | A.A | 22 (18.4) | ||
parents-in-law | 5 (4.2) | Attitude to treat infertility | Active | 81 (67.5) | |
Moderate | 38 (31.7) | ||||
Passive | 1 (0.8) | ||||
Difficulty with infertility | Economic difficulties | 12 (10.0) | |||
Difficulties in marital relationships | 3 (2.5) | ||||
Psychological problems | 76 (63.3) | ||||
Family relations | 2 (1.7) | ||||
Health problems | 14 (11.7) | ||||
Social prejudice | 7 (5.8) | ||||
etc. | 6 (5.0) | ||||
Experience of counseling for infertility | None | 33 (27.5) | |||
Yes (Doctor) | 82 (68.4) | ||||
Yes (Nurse) | 1 (0.8) | ||||
Yes (etc.) | 4 (3.3) |
Factors | M ± SD | Range | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Stress coping | Active | Confrontation | 3.19 ± 0.38 | 1~4 |
Self-control | 2.93 ± 0.54 | 1~4 | ||
Social support (spouse) | 3.18 ± 0.60 | 1~4 | ||
Social support (colleague or expert) | 2.26 ± 0.67 | 1~4 | ||
Passive | Distancing | 3.17 ± 0.66 | 1~4 | |
Escape | 3.44 ± 0.60 | 1~4 | ||
Avoidance | 2.80 ± 0.64 | 1~4 | ||
Resilience | 3.45 ± 0.59 | 1~5 | ||
Infertility adaptation | 3.74 ± 0.52 | 1~5 | ||
Spousal support | 4.10 ± 0.55 | 1~5 |
Factors | Type | Cluster1 a | Cluster2 b | Cluster3 c | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | 37 (30.8) | 43 (35.9) | 40 (33.3) | ||
Active coping | Confrontation | M ± SD | 3.14 ± 0.33 | 3.33 ± 0.39 | 3.10 ± 0.38 |
F(p) | 4.89 (0.009) | ||||
Scheffé | c, a < b | ||||
Self-control | M ± SD | 2.70 ± 0.39 | 3.41 ± 0.40 | 2.63 ± 0.42 | |
F(p) | 47.20 (<0.001) | ||||
Scheffé | c, a < b | ||||
Social support (spouse) | M ± SD | 3.10 ± 0.41 | 3.59 ± 0.42 | 2.83 ± 0.64 | |
F(p) | 24.57 (<0.001) | ||||
Scheffé | c, a < b | ||||
Social support (colleague or expert) | M ± SD | 2.18 ± 0.53 | 2.71 ± 0.58 | 1.84 ± 0.64 | |
F(p) | 25.05 (<0.001) | ||||
Scheffé | c < a < b | ||||
Passive coping | Distancing | M ± SD | 2.46 ± 0.47 | 3.54 ± 0.44 | 3.42 ± 0.45 |
F(p) | 65.49 (<0.001) | ||||
Scheffé | a < c, b | ||||
Escape | M ± SD | 2.95 ± 0.60 | 3.62 ± 0.48 | 3.71 ± 0.41 | |
F(p) | 26.89 (<0.001) | ||||
Scheffé | a < b, c | ||||
Avoidance | M ± SD | 2.37 ± 0.55 | 2.91 ± 0.57 | 3.08 ± 0.59 | |
F(p) | 16.13 (<0.001) | ||||
Scheffé | a < b, c |
Categories | Type | Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | 37 (30.8) | 43 (35.9) | 40 (33.3) | ||
General characteristics | Family member | Spouse | 35 (92.1) | 27 (73.0) | 31 (68.9) |
Child and Parents-in-law | 3 (7.9) | 10 (27.0) | 14 (31.1) | ||
x2 (p) | 9.22 (0.010) | ||||
Treatment cost Affordability ∥ | Hard | 32 (86.5) | 25 (58.1) | 28 (70.0) | |
Medium | 3 (8.1) | 10 (23.3) | 10 (25.0) | ||
Easily | 2 (5.4) | 8 (18.6) | 2 (5.0) | ||
x2 (p) | 10.67 (0.034) | ||||
Infertility characteristics | Counseling ∥ experience. | None | 15 (40.5) | 6 (14.0) | 12 (30.0) |
Yes (Doctor) | 22 (59.5) | 33 (76.7) | 27 (67.5) | ||
Yes (Nurse) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.5) | ||
Yes (etc.) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (9.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
x2 (p) | 15.29 (0.011) | ||||
Resilience | M ± SD | 3.22 ± 0.53 | 3.83 ± 0.54 | 3.25 ± 0.49 | |
F(p) | 18.33 (<0.001) | ||||
Scheffé | a, c < b | ||||
Infertility adaptation | M ± SD | 3.36 ± 0.43 | 3.96 ± 0.47 | 3.85 ± 0.47 | |
F(p) | 18.58 (<0.001) | ||||
Scheffé | a < c, b | ||||
Spousal support | M ± SD | 3.89 ± 0.46 | 4.35 ± 0.48 | 4.01 ± 0.59 | |
F(p) | 8.82 (<0.001) | ||||
Scheffé | a, c < b |
Reference Group | Categories | Cluster2 †† | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | SE | OR | p | 95% CI | ||||
Cluster 1 † | (constant) | −20.34 | 4.29 | 0.000 | ||||
Resilience | 0.77 | 0.67 | 2.17 | 0.245 | 0.59 - | 7.98 | ||
Infertility adaptation | 2.87 | 0.82 | 17.71 | 0.000 | 3.53 - | 88.91 | ||
Spousal support | 1.50 | 0.65 | 4.50 | 0.021 | 1.25 - | 16.22 | ||
Family member | ||||||||
Spouse | (Reference) | |||||||
Child and parents-in-law | 1.94 | 0.99 | 6.99 | 0.050 | 1.00 - | 48.92 | ||
Treatment cost affordability | ||||||||
None | (Reference) | |||||||
Hard | −0.99 | 0.74 | 0.37 | 0.184 | 0.09 - | 1.60 | ||
Counseling experience | ||||||||
No | (Reference) | |||||||
Yes | 1.97 | 0.76 | 7.14 | 0.010 | 1.61 - | 31.79 | ||
Cluster3 § | (constant) | −10.50 | 3.48 | 0.003 | ||||
Resilience | 2.21 | 0.61 | 9.11 | 0.000 | 2.74 - | 30.25 | ||
Infertility adaptation | −0.14 | 0.61 | 0.87 | 0.818 | 0.26 - | 2.88 | ||
Spousal support | 0.57 | 0.57 | 1.76 | 0.323 | 0.57 - | 5.43 | ||
Family member | ||||||||
Spouse | (Reference) | |||||||
Child and parents-in-law | −0.52 | 0.62 | 0.59 | 0.402 | 0.17 - | 2.01 | ||
Treatment cost affordability | ||||||||
None | (Reference) | |||||||
Hard | 0.10 | 0.56 | 1.10 | 0.861 | 0.37 - | 3.27 | ||
Counseling experience | ||||||||
No | (Reference) | |||||||
Yes | 1.29 | 0.69 | 3.63 | 0.062 | 0.94 - | 14.08 | ||
Likelihood Ratio | x2 = 179.042, p < 0.001 | |||||||
Cox and Snell R2 | 0.498 | |||||||
Nagelkerke R2 | 0.561 |
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Choi, Y.; Moon, S.-H. Types and Characteristics of Stress Coping in Women Undergoing Infertility Treatment in Korea. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2648. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032648
Choi Y, Moon S-H. Types and Characteristics of Stress Coping in Women Undergoing Infertility Treatment in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):2648. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032648
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Yumi, and So-Hyun Moon. 2023. "Types and Characteristics of Stress Coping in Women Undergoing Infertility Treatment in Korea" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 2648. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032648