Arterial Hypertension in Morbid Obesity after Bariatric Surgery: Five Years of Follow-Up, a Before-And-After Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Method
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Normotensive | Hypertensive | p-Value | Total | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 128) | (n = 119) | (n = 247) | ||
Age (years) | 36.6 ± 9.3 | 41.7 ± 9.5 | <0.001 | 39.1 ± 9.7 |
Women (%) | 100 (78%) | 87 (73%) | 0.376 | 187 (76%) |
Smoker (%) | 0.067 | |||
Current | 21 (16%) | 16 (13%) | 37 (15%) | |
Ex | 2 (2%) | 9 (8%) | 11 (5%) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 46.7 ± 7.9 | 48.8 ± 7.8 | 0.040 | 47.7 ± 7.9 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 120 ± 5.4 | 151 ± 15.7 | <0.001 | 135 ± 19.3 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 79 ± 4.1 | 94 ± 10.9 | <0.001 | 86 ± 11.1 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 102 ± 30.9 | 127 ± 50.7 | <0.001 | 114 ± 43.4 |
HbA1C (%) | 7.1 ± 0.6 | 7.5 ± 1.0 | 0.011 | 7.4 ± 0.9 |
Hyperuricemia (mg/dL) | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 5.3 ± 1.3 | 0.496 | 5.3 ± 1.3 |
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 186 ± 40.5 | 199 ± 40.9 | 0.013 | 192 ± 41.2 |
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 119 ± 29.8 | 123 ± 33.7 | 0.398 | 121 ± 31.7 |
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 49 ± 10.8 | 46 ± 9.8 | 0.043 | 47 ± 10.4 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) * | 122 (99; 149) | 128 (102; 160) | 0.170 | 125 (101; 156) |
Dyslipidaemia (%) | 86 (67%) | 94 (79%) | 0.045 | 180 (73%) |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (%) | 38 (30%) | 70 (59%) | <0.001 | 108 (44%) |
Polymedicated patients | 16 (13%) | 58 (49%) | <0.001 | 74 (30%) |
Number of comorbidities | ||||
0–2 | 70 (54.6%) | 31 (26.6%) | <0.001 | |
3–5 | 54 (42.3%) | 49 (41.1%) | ||
>5 | 4 (3.1%) | 38 (32.8%) |
Hypertension Remission (n = 35) | No Hypertension Remission (n = 84) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 39.4 ± 9.6 | 42.6 ± 9.4 | 0.090 |
Women (%) | 22 (63%) | 65 (77%) | 0.117 |
Smoker (%) | 0.187 | ||
Current | 5 (14%) | 11 (13%) | |
Ex | 5 (14%) | 4 (5%) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 49.0 ± 7.4 | 48.7 ± 8.0 | 0.879 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 146 ± 15.6 | 153 ± 15.3 | 0.019 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 94 ± 9.0 | 94 ± 11.7 | 0.745 |
Glucose (mg/dl) | 141 ± 57.9 | 122 ± 46.6 | 0.056 |
HbA1C (%) | 7.4 ± 0.8 | 7.6 ± 1.1 | 0.365 |
Hyperuricemia (mg/dL) | 5.7 ± 1.3 | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 0.053 |
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 189 ± 44.2 | 203 ± 39.0 | 0.090 |
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 119 ± 36.0 | 125 ± 32.8 | 0.401 |
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 43 ± 9.2 | 47 ± 9.8 | 0.051 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) * | 122 (110; 170) | 133.5 (101; 160) | 0.825 |
Dyslipidaemia (%) | 25 (71%) | 69 (82%) | 0.191 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (%) | 26 (74%) | 44 (52%) | 0.040 |
Odds Ratio | 95%CI | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 0.948 | 0.901–0.997 | 0.038 |
Systolic BP initial | 0.954 | 0.923–0.986 | 0.006 |
Hyperuricemia | 1.441 | 1.021–2.035 | 0.038 |
Total Cholesterol | 0.989 | 0.978–1.001 | 0.077 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 4.171 | 1.526–11.401 | 0.005 |
Hypertension Recurrence (n = 12) | No Hypertension Recurrence (n = 23) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 41.5 ± 8.3 | 38.3 ± 10.2 | 0.352 |
Women (%) | 8 (67%) | 14 (61%) | 0.736 |
Smoker (%) | 0.372 | ||
Current | 3 (25%) | 2 (9%) | |
Ex | 2 (17%) | 3 (13%) | |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 50.4 ± 6.7 | 48.2 ± 7.8 | 0.424 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 147 ± 12.3 | 145 ± 17.3 | 0.775 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 94 ± 10.9 | 94 ± 8.1 | 0.909 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 142 ± 60.0 | 140 ± 58.1 | 0.923 |
HbA1C (%) | 7.4 ± 0.8 | 7.3 ± 0.8 | 0.852 |
Hyperuricemia (mg/dL) | 5.8 ± 1.2 | 5.6 ± 1.4 | 0.688 |
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 195 ± 44.9 | 186 ± 44.5 | 0.571 |
LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 122 ± 29.5 | 117 ± 39.4 | 0.681 |
HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 39 ± 8.7 | 45 ± 9.1 | 0.084 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) * | 141 (1162; 214.7) | 120 (102; 165) | 0.161 |
Dyslipidaemia (%) | 11 (92%) | 14 (61%) | 0.083 |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (%) | 9 (75%) | 17 (74%) | 0.944 |
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Arias, A.; Rodríguez-Álvarez, C.; González-Dávila, E.; Acosta-Torrecilla, A.; Novo-Muñoz, M.M.; Rodríguez-Novo, N. Arterial Hypertension in Morbid Obesity after Bariatric Surgery: Five Years of Follow-Up, a Before-And-After Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 1575. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031575
Arias A, Rodríguez-Álvarez C, González-Dávila E, Acosta-Torrecilla A, Novo-Muñoz MM, Rodríguez-Novo N. Arterial Hypertension in Morbid Obesity after Bariatric Surgery: Five Years of Follow-Up, a Before-And-After Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(3):1575. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031575
Chicago/Turabian StyleArias, Angeles, Cristobalina Rodríguez-Álvarez, Enrique González-Dávila, Alfonso Acosta-Torrecilla, M. Mercedes Novo-Muñoz, and Natalia Rodríguez-Novo. 2022. "Arterial Hypertension in Morbid Obesity after Bariatric Surgery: Five Years of Follow-Up, a Before-And-After Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3: 1575. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031575