User-Guided Design of a Digital Tool for Health Promotion and Radiation Protection: Results from an Internet Needs Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Project Background
1.3. Study Purpose
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
2.2. Survey Items
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Findings
3.2. Analytical Findings
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group Category | Occupation | Residential Area | Age Range | Expected Number of Subjects |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lay persons | - | Residents affected by FDNPP 1 accident (Hamadoori 2 and Nakadoori 3 in Fukushima) | 20–29 years old | 25 |
- | 30–59 years old | 25 | ||
- | 60 years and over | 25 | ||
- | Residents living within 30 km of another NPP 4 in Japan | 20–29 years old | 25 | |
- | 30–59 years old | 25 | ||
- | 60 years and over | 25 | ||
- | Residents living 30 km or further away from another NPP 4 in Japan | 20–29 years old | 25 | |
- | 30–59 years old | 25 | ||
- | 60 years and over | 25 | ||
Stakeholders | Public sevants | - | 20 | |
Medical professionals | - | 20 | ||
Teachers | - | 20 |
N (%) 264 (77.9) | |
---|---|
Individual attributes Sex | |
Female | 133 (50.4) |
Male | 131 (49.6) |
Age 1 | |
20–59 | 178 (67.4) |
60 or older | 86 (32.6) |
Education | |
High school or lower | 100 (37.9) |
Junior college, technical school | 64 (24.2) |
University, graduate school | 100 (37.9) |
Employment status | |
Employed | 172 (65.2) |
Unemployed | 92 (34.8) |
Job type 2 | |
Engineering, technical expert, managerial work | 48 (28.7) |
Administration | 42 (25.1) |
Other | 77 (46.1) |
Residential area 1 | |
Outside Fukushima | 178 (67.4) |
Fukushima | 86 (32.6) |
Living | |
Alone | 47 (17.8) |
With a partner only (no children) | 76 (28.8) |
With children (or children and family) | 87 (33.0) |
Other | 54 (20.5) |
Radiation-related items | |
Living near any NPP (nuclear power plant)1 | |
No | 169 (64.0) |
Yes | 95 (36.0) |
Concern related to living near any NPP | |
No | 45 (17.0) |
Yes | 219 (83.0) |
eHealth Literacy | Mean (SD) | Min | Max | Median (25th–75th Percentile) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total score | 23.8 (5.6) | 8 | 40 | 24.0 (20.0–28.0) |
1. I know what health resources are available on the Internet. | 2.96 (0.95) | 1 | 5 | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) |
2. I know where to find helpful health resources on the Internet. | 2.92 (0.92) | 1 | 5 | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) |
3. I know how to find helpful health resources on the Internet. | 3.13 (0.91) | 1 | 5 | 3.0 (3.0–4.0) |
4. I know how to use the Internet to answer my health questions. | 3.20 (0.89) | 1 | 5 | 3.0 (3.0–4.0) |
5. I know how to use the health information I find on the Internet to help me. | 3.08 (0.85) | 1 | 5 | 3.0 (2.3–4.0) |
6. I have the skills I need to evaluate the health resources I find on the Internet. | 2.75 (0.95) | 1 | 5 | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) |
7. I can tell high quality from low quality health resources on the Internet. | 2.82 (0.89) | 1 | 5 | 3.0 (2.0–3.0) |
8. I feel confident in using information from the Internet to make health decisions. | 2.97 (0.89) | 1 | 5 | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) |
Radiation Assessment Digital Tool [N (%)] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowledge | Attitude | Practice | |||||||
No [183(69.3)] | Yes [81 (30.7)] | p Value | No [73 (27.7)] | Yes [191 (72.3)] | p Value | No [233 (88.3)] | Yes [31 (11.7)] | p Value | |
Individual attributes 1 | |||||||||
Sex | |||||||||
Female | 102 (76.7) | 31 (23.3) | 0.01 | 37 (27.8) | 96 (72.2) | 0.95 | 125 (94.0) | 8 (6.0) | 0.004 |
Male | 81 (61.8) | 50 (38.2) | 36 (27.5) | 95 (72.5) | 108 (82.4) | 23 (17.6) | |||
Age | |||||||||
20–59 | 134 (75.3) | 44 (24.7) | 0.003 | 48 (27.0) | 130 (73.0) | 0.72 | 162 (91.0) | 16 (9.0) | 0.046 |
60 or older | 49 (57.0) | 37 (43.0) | 25 (29.1) | 61 (70.9) | 71 (82.6) | 15 (17.4) | |||
Education | |||||||||
High school or lower | 66 (66.0) | 34 (34.0) | 0.47 | 29 (29.0) | 71 (71.0) | 0.75 | 88 (88.0) | 12 (12.0) | 0.97 |
Junior college, technical school | 48 (75.0) | 16 (25.0) | 19 (29.7) | 45 (70.3) | 57 (89.1) | 7 (10.9) | |||
University, graduate school | 69 (69.0) | 31 (31.0) | 25 (25.0) | 75 (75.0) | 88 (88.0) | 12 (12.0) | |||
Employment status | |||||||||
Employed | 125 (72.7) | 47 (27.3) | 0.11 | 45 (26.2) | 127 (73.8) | 0.46 | 152 (88.4) | 20 (11.6) | 0.94 |
Unemployed | 58 (63.0) | 34 (37.0) | 28 (30.4) | 64 (69.6) | 81 (88.0) | 11 (12.0) | |||
Job type * | |||||||||
Engineering, technical expert, managerial work | 33 (68.8) | 15 (31.3) | 0.61 | 11 (22.9) | 37 (77.1) | 0.63 | 42 (87.5) | 6 (12.5) | 0.93 |
Administration | 30 (71.4) | 12 (28.6) | 10 (23.8) | 32 (76.2) | 37 (88.1) | 5 (11.9) | |||
Other | 59 (76.6) | 18 (23.4) | 23 (29.9) | 54 (70.1) | 69 (89.6) | 8 (10.4) | |||
Residential area | |||||||||
Outside Fukushima | 132 (74.2) | 46 (25.8) | 0.01 | 49 (27.5) | 129 (72.5) | 0.95 | 168 (94.4) | 10 (5.6) | <0.001 |
Fukushima | 51 (59.3) | 35 (40.7) | 24 (27.9) | 62 (72.1) | 65 (75.6) | 21 (24.4) | |||
Living | |||||||||
Alone | 37 (78.7) | 10 (21.3) | 0.03 | 18 (38.3) | 29 (61.7) | 0.34 | 42 (89.4) | 5 (10.6) | 0.63 |
With a partner only (no children) | 43 (56.6) | 33 (43.4) | 19 (25.0) | 57 (75.0) | 64 (84.2) | 12 (15.8) | |||
With children (or children and family) | 65 (74.7) | 22 (25.3) | 23 (26.4) | 64 (73.6) | 78 (89.7) | 9 (10.3) | |||
Other | 38 (70.4) | 16 (29.6) | 13 (24.1) | 41 (75.9) | 49 (90.7) | 5 (9.3) | |||
Radiation-related items 1 | |||||||||
Living near any NPP 3 | |||||||||
No | 119 (70.4) | 50 (29.6) | 0.61 | 53 (31.4) | 116 (68.6) | 0.07 | 149 (88.2) | 20 (11.8) | 0.95 |
Yes | 64 (67.4) | 31 (32.6) | 20 (21.1) | 75 (78.9) | 84 (88.4) | 11 (11.6) | |||
Concern related to living near any NPP | |||||||||
No | 34 (75.6) | 11 (24.4) | 0.32 | 19 (42.2) | 26 (57.8) | 0.02 | 42 (93.3) | 3 (6.7) | 0.25 |
Yes | 149 (68.0) | 70 (32.0) | 54 (24.7) | 165 (75.3) | 191 (87.2) | 28 (12.8) | |||
eHealth Literacy (eHL) 2 | |||||||||
Mean (SD) | 23.1 (5.5) | 25.6 (5.5) | 0.001 | 22.4 (6.1) | 24.4 (5.4) | 0.01 | 23.6 (5.7) | 25.8 (5.0) | 0.04 |
Radiation Assessment Digital Tool | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowledge | Attitude | Practice | |||||||
aOR 1 | 95%CI 2 | p Value 3 | aOR 1 | 95%CI 2 | p Value 3 | aOR 1 | 95%CI 2 | p Value 3 | |
eHealth Literacy | |||||||||
Total score | 1.10 | 1.04–1.16 | 0.001 | 1.06 | 1.01–1.12 | 0.02 | 1.10 | 1.01–1.19 | 0.02 |
Individual attributes | |||||||||
Sex | |||||||||
Female | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Male | 1.70 | 0.94–3.09 | 0.08 | 3.07 | 1.23–7.69 | 0.02 | |||
Age | |||||||||
20–59 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
60 or older | 1.71 | 0.89–3.29 | 0.11 | 1.84 | 0.78–4.32 | 0.16 | |||
Residential area | |||||||||
Outside Fukushima | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Fukushima | 2.17 | 1.21–3.91 | 0.01 | 6.73 | 2.85–15.94 | <0.001 | |||
Living | |||||||||
Alone | 1 | ||||||||
With a partner only (no children) | 2.30 | 0.94–5.63 | 0.07 | ||||||
With children (or children and family) | 1.31 | 0.53–3.21 | 0.56 | ||||||
Other | 1.75 | 0.67–4.57 | 0.26 | ||||||
Radiation-related items | |||||||||
Concern related to living near any NPP 4 | |||||||||
No | 1 | ||||||||
Yes | 2.18 | 1.11–4.29 | 0.02 |
Health Promotion Digital Tool [N (%)] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowledge | Attitude | Practice | |||||||
No [214 (81.1)] | Yes [50 (18.9)] | p Value | No [91 (34.5)] | Yes [173 (65.5)] | p Value | No [246 (93.2)] | Yes [18 (6.8)] | p Value | |
Individual attributes 1 | |||||||||
Sex | |||||||||
Female | 114 (85.7) | 19 (14.3) | 0.05 | 46 (34.6) | 87 (65.4) | 0.97 | 125 (94.0) | 8 (6.0) | 0.60 |
Male | 100 (76.3) | 31 (23.7) | 45 (34.4) | 86 (65.6) | 121 (92.4) | 10 (7.6) | |||
Age | |||||||||
20–59 | 146 (82.0) | 32 (18.0) | 0.57 | 66 (37.1) | 112 (62.9) | 0.20 | 164 (92.1) | 14 (7.9) | 0.33 |
60 or older | 68 (79.1) | 18 (20.9) | 25 (29.1) | 61 (70.9) | 82 (95.3) | 4 (4.7) | |||
Education | |||||||||
High school or lower | 84 (84.0) | 16 (16.0) | 0.02 | 38 (38.0) | 62 (62.0) | 0.47 | 94 (94.0) | 6 (6.0) | 0.84 |
Junior college, technical school | 57 (89.1) | 7 (10.9) | 23 (35.9) | 41 (64.1) | 60 (93.8) | 4 (6.3) | |||
University, graduate school | 73 (73.0) | 27 (27.0) | 30 (30.0) | 70 (70.0) | 92 (92.0) | 8 (8.0) | |||
Employment status | |||||||||
Employed | 140 (81.4) | 32 (18.6) | 0.85 | 62 (36.0) | 110 (64.0) | 0.46 | 160 (93.0) | 12 (7.0) | 0.89 |
Unemployed | 74 (80.4) | 18 (19.6) | 29 (31.5) | 63 (68.5) | 86 (93.5) | 6 (6.5) | |||
Job type * | |||||||||
Engineering, technical expert, managerial work | 39 (81.3) | 9 (18.8) | 0.04 | 21 (43.8) | 27 (56.3) | 0.12 | 46 (95.8) | 2 (4.2) | 0.15 |
Administration | 29 (69.0) | 13 (31.0) | 10 (23.8) | 32 (76.2) | 36 (85.7) | 6 (14.3) | |||
Other | 68 (88.3) | 9 (11.7) | 30 (39.0) | 47 (61.0) | 73 (94.8) | 4 (5.2) | |||
Residential area | |||||||||
Outside Fukushima | 144 (80.9) | 34 (19.1) | 0.92 | 54 (30.3) | 124 (69.7) | 0.04 | 165 (92.7) | 13 (7.3) | 0.65 |
Fukushima | 70 (81.4) | 16 (18.6) | 37 (43.0) | 49 (57.0) | 81 (94.2) | 5 (5.8) | |||
Living | |||||||||
Alone | 37 (78.7) | 10 (21.3) | 0.87 | 19 (40.4) | 28 (59.6) | 0.48 | 43 (91.5) | 4 (8.5) | 0.74 |
With a partner only (no children) | 61 (80.3) | 15 (19.7) | 29 (38.2) | 47 (61.8) | 70 (92.1) | 6 (7.9) | |||
With children (or children and family) | 73 (83.9) | 14 (16.1) | 25 (28.7) | 62 (71.3) | 83 (95.4) | 4 (4.6) | |||
Other | 43 (79.6) | 11 (20.4) | 18 (33.3) | 36 (66.7) | 50 (92.6) | 4 (7.4) | |||
Radiation-related items 1 | |||||||||
Living near any NPP 3 | |||||||||
No | 139 (82.2) | 30 (17.8) | 0.51 | 67 (39.6) | 102 (60.4) | 0.02 | 162 (95.9) | 7 (4.1) | 0.02 |
Yes | 75 (78.9) | 20 (21.1) | 24 (25.3) | 71 (74.7) | 84 (88.4) | 11 (11.6) | |||
Concern related to living near any NPP (Nuclear power plant) | |||||||||
No | 39 (86.7) | 6 (13.3) | 0.29 | 25 (55.6) | 20 (44.4) | 0.001 | 43 (95.6) | 2 (4.4) | 0.75 |
Yes | 175 (79.9) | 44 (20.1) | 66 (30.1) | 153 (69.9) | 203 (92.7) | 16 (7.3) | |||
eHealth Literacy (eHL) 2 | |||||||||
Mean (SD) | 23.2 (5.4) | 26.5 (5.9) | <0.001 | 22.6 (6.2) | 24.5 (5.2) | 0.007 | 23.6 (5.5) | 27.5 (6.7) | 0.004 |
Health Promotion Digital Tool | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowledge | Attitude | Practice | |||||||
aOR 1 | 95%CI 2 | p Value 3 | aOR 1 | 95%CI 2 | p Value 3 | aOR 1 | 95%CI 2 | p Value 3 | |
eHealth Literacy | |||||||||
Total score | 1.13 | 1.06–1.20 | <0.001 | 1.06 | 1.01–1.11 | 0.01 | 1.16 | 1.05–1.29 | 0.005 |
Individual attributes | |||||||||
Education | |||||||||
High school or lower | 1 | ||||||||
Junior college, technical school | 0.59 | 0.22–1.55 | 0.28 | ||||||
University, graduate school | 2.03 | 0.99–4.16 | 0.05 | ||||||
Residential area | |||||||||
Outside Fukushima | 1 | ||||||||
Fukushima | 0.65 | 0.35–1.21 | 0.17 | ||||||
Radiation-related items | |||||||||
Living near any NPP 4 | |||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Yes | 1.68 | 0.88–3.19 | 0.11 | 3.18 | 1.16–8.71 | 0.02 | |||
Concern related to living near any NPP 4 | |||||||||
No | 1 | ||||||||
Yes | 3.17 | 1.59–6.31 | 0.001 |
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Share and Cite
Yumiya, Y.; Ohba, T.; Murakami, M.; Nakano, H.; Nollet, K.E.; Goto, A. User-Guided Design of a Digital Tool for Health Promotion and Radiation Protection: Results from an Internet Needs Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 12007. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212007
Yumiya Y, Ohba T, Murakami M, Nakano H, Nollet KE, Goto A. User-Guided Design of a Digital Tool for Health Promotion and Radiation Protection: Results from an Internet Needs Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(22):12007. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212007
Chicago/Turabian StyleYumiya, Yui, Takashi Ohba, Michio Murakami, Hironori Nakano, Kenneth E. Nollet, and Aya Goto. 2021. "User-Guided Design of a Digital Tool for Health Promotion and Radiation Protection: Results from an Internet Needs Survey" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22: 12007. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212007