The Role of Discrete Emotions in Risk Perception and Policy Support during Public Health Crises: The Moderation Effect of SNS Dependency
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Discrete Emotion, Risk Perception, and Judgment
2.2. SNS Dependency: Learning and Entertainment
2.3. Moderating Role of SNS Dependency
3. Method
3.1. Procedure and Participants
3.2. Measurement
3.2.1. SNS Dependency
3.2.2. Risk Perception
3.2.3. Policy Support
3.2.4. Control Variables
3.3. Analysis Strategy
4. Results
4.1. Risk Perception
4.2. Policy Support
4.3. Interaction Effects
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Heading | Goals | Questions | M (SD) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Action orientation | To decide where to get particular services To get information on purchasing goods When I want to plan an evening or weekend of leisure time | 2.82 (1.07) | ||
3.17 (1.01) | ||||
3.12 (0.97) | ||||
SNS learning dependency | Interaction orientation | To know how to interact with other people To know how to react to others To learn how to interact with a counterpart at an important meeting | 3.55 (0.96) | |
3.50 (1.01) | ||||
3.07 (0.99) | 3.09 (0.68) α = 0.88 | |||
Self-understanding | To look back on my behaviors To think about my future life plans To know how others reacted when they were in situations similar to mine | 2.90 (1.03) | ||
2.68 (1.07) | ||||
3.34 (0.98) | ||||
Social understanding | To know what is going on in the world To know the major current issues in my country To know what is going on in other countries | 3.16 (1.02) | ||
3.04 (1.08) | ||||
3.00 (1.10) | ||||
SNS entertainment dependency | Solitary play | To rest after a long day To have quiet time on my own To find things to do when I am alone | 3.25 (1.10) | |
2.82 (1.24) | ||||
3.20 (1.11) | 3.26 (0.76) α = 0.80 | |||
Social play | To find things to do with my friends To have fun with my family/friends To enjoy an event without being there | 3.62 (1.03) | ||
3.52 (1.03) | ||||
3.16 (1.03) |
1. | 2. | 3. | 4. | 5. | 6. | 7. | 8. | 9. | 10. | 11. | 12. | 13. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | |||||||||||||
2. | 0.01 | ||||||||||||
3. | 0.07 | −0.10 * | |||||||||||
4. | −0.02 | −0.05 | −0.09 * | ||||||||||
5. | 0.22 *** | 0.07 | 0.07 | −0.01 | |||||||||
6. | −0.04 | 0.11 * | 0.11 * | −0.05 | 0.25 *** | ||||||||
7. | −0.07 | −0.11 * | −0.01 | −0.05 | 0.36 *** | 0.39 *** | |||||||
8. | −0.05 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 0.17 *** | 0.27 *** | 0.22 *** | ||||||
9. | −0.03 | 0.16 ** | 0.08 | −0.04 | 0.14 ** | 0.33 *** | 0.25 *** | 0.65 *** | |||||
10. | 0.01 | 0.14 ** | 0.13 ** | 0.01 | 0.18 *** | 0.13 ** | 0.13 ** | 0.64 *** | 0.50 *** | ||||
11. | 0.10 * | 0.02 | −0.01 | 0.04 | 0.19 *** | 0.05 | 0.15 ** | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.06 | |||
12. | −0.04 | 0.02 | −0.05 | 0.06 | 0.11 * | 0.06 | 0.13 ** | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.79 *** | ||
13. | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.09 * | −0.08 | 0.10 * | 0.28 *** | 0.14 ** | 0.54 *** | 0.64 *** | 0.40 *** | 0.08 * | 0.12 ** | |
14. | 0.18 *** | 0.10 * | 0.12 ** | −0.15 *** | 0.23 *** | 0.16 *** | 0.10 * | 0.42 *** | 0.45 *** | 0.39 *** | 0.15 *** | 0.10 * | 0.54 *** |
Variables | Risk Perception | ||
---|---|---|---|
Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 3 | |
β | β | β | |
Sociodemographic factors | |||
Age | −0.05 (0.03) | −0.02 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.02) |
Gender | 0.03 (0.06) | −0.08 (0.05) | −0.08 (0.05) |
Education | 0.05 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.02 (0.03) |
Political orientation | −0.04 (0.03) | −0.04 + (0.02) | −0.04 + (0.02) |
Media use | |||
Traditional media | 0.01 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.02) | −0.02 (0.02) |
Internet | 0.08 *** (0.02) | 0.03 * (0.01) | 0.02 + (0.01) |
Social media | 0.03 * (0.02) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) |
Negative emotions | |||
Anxiety | 0.35 *** (0.04) | 0.20 (0.22) | |
Anger | 0.17 *** (0.04) | 0.20 (0.20) | |
Sadness | 0.06 * (0.03) | 0.06 (0.13) | |
SNS learning | 0.02 (0.06) | −0.55 (0.34) | |
SNS entertainment | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.40 (0.30) | |
Anxiety * SNS learning | 0.24 * (0.10) | ||
Anxiety * SNS entertainment | −0.18 * (0.08) | ||
R2 | 0.11 | 0.48 | 0.50 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.10 | 0.47 | 0.48 |
Adjusted R2 change | 0.37 | 0.01 | |
F | 7.99 *** | 33.60 *** | 24.64 *** |
Variables | Policy Support | ||
---|---|---|---|
Step 1 | Step 2 | Step 3 | |
β | β | β | |
Sociodemographic factors | |||
Age | 0.06 * (0.02) | 0.07 ** (0.02) | 0.07 ** (0.02) |
Gender | 0.13 * (0.05) | 0.06 (0.05) | 0.05 (0.05) |
Education | 0.06 * (0.03) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.02 (0.02) |
Political orientation | −0.07 ** (0.02) | −0.08 *** (0.02) | −0.09 *** (0.02) |
Media use | |||
Traditional media | 0.07 ** (0.02) | 0.05 * (0.02) | 0.05 * (0.02) |
Internet | 0.03 * (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.01) |
Social media | −0.00 (0.01) | −0.01 (0.01) | −0.19 ** (0.06) |
Negative emotions | |||
Anxiety | 0.18 *** (0.04) | −0.29 (0.21) | |
Anger | 0.08 * (0.04) | 0.10 (0.19) | |
Sadness | 0.08 ** (0.03) | 0.19 (0.13) | |
SNS learning | 0.11+ (0.06) | −0.50 (0.34) | |
SNS entertainment | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.30 (0.29) | |
Anxiety * SNS learning | 0.22 * (0.09) | ||
Anxiety * SNS entertainment | −0.07 (0.08) | ||
R2 | 0.12 | 0.34 | 0.37 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.11 | 0.32 | 0.34 |
Adjusted R2 change | 0.21 | 0.02 | |
F | 8.62 *** | 18.31 *** | 16.46 *** |
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Kim, S. The Role of Discrete Emotions in Risk Perception and Policy Support during Public Health Crises: The Moderation Effect of SNS Dependency. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 11654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111654
Kim S. The Role of Discrete Emotions in Risk Perception and Policy Support during Public Health Crises: The Moderation Effect of SNS Dependency. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(21):11654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111654
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Soohee. 2021. "The Role of Discrete Emotions in Risk Perception and Policy Support during Public Health Crises: The Moderation Effect of SNS Dependency" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21: 11654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111654
APA StyleKim, S. (2021). The Role of Discrete Emotions in Risk Perception and Policy Support during Public Health Crises: The Moderation Effect of SNS Dependency. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111654