Risk Factors on the Progression to Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients in South Korea: Using National Data
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Subjects
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Epidemiological and Clinical Caracteristics by Hospital Room
3.2. Multiple Logistic Regression for Risk Factors
3.3. Multiple Regression for Risk on Severity of COVID-19
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Sub-Items | GW (n = 2826) | ICU (n = 133) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
¥ Age (year) n (%) | 0–9 | 28 (100) | 0(0) | 0.000 *** |
11–10 | 112 (100) | 0(0) | ||
20–29 | 485 (99.0) | 5(1.0) | ||
30–39 | 277 (97.5) | 7(2.5) | ||
40–49 | 368 (99.2) | 3(0.8) | ||
50–59 | 601 (97.2) | 17(2.8) | ||
60–69 | 505 (93.7) | 34(6.3) | ||
70–79 | 276 (85.2) | 48(14.8) | ||
80- | 174 (90.2) | 19(9.8) | ||
Gender n (%) | Male | 1098 (38.9) | 81 (60.9) | 0.000 *** |
Female | 1728 (61.1) | 52 (39.1) | ||
Release or Death n (%) | Death | 62 (2.2) | 56 (42.1) | 0.000 *** |
Release | 2764 (97.8) | 77 (57.9) | ||
BMI (kg/m2) n (%) | Normal | 1178 (41.7) | 38 (28.6) | 0.004 ** |
SBP (mmHg) n (%) | Normal | 687 (24.3) | 26 (19.5) | 0.25 |
DBP (mmHg) n (%) | Normal | 1049 (37.1) | 61 (45.9) | 0.052 |
† Heart Rate (n) M ± SD | 85.08 ± 14.73 | 88.84 ± 19.76 | 0.032 * | |
† Body Temperature (°C) M ± SD | 36.91 ± 0.56 | 37.31 ± 0.81 | 0.000 *** | |
† Periods from confirmation to release (day) M ± SD | 25.95 ± 11.21 | 26.78 ± 15.26 | 0.534 | |
Fever n (%) | Yes | 641 (22.7) | 66 (49.6) | 0.000 *** |
Cough n (%) | Yes | 1245 (44.1) | 72 (54.1) | 0.028 * |
Sputum n (%) | Yes | 824 (29.2) | 51 (38.3) | 0.030 * |
Sore Throat n (%) | Yes | 462 (16.3) | 10 (7.5) | 0.009 ** |
Rhinorrhea n (%) | Yes | 259 (9.2) | 9 (6.8) | 0.043 * |
Muscular Pain n (%) | Yes | 432 (15.3) | 21 (15.8) | 0.973 |
Fatigue n (%) | Yes | 141 (5.0) | 13 (9.8) | 0.026* |
Dyspnea n (%) | Yes | 331 (11.7) | 70 (52.6) | 0.000 *** |
Headache n (%) | Yes | 452 (16.0) | 15 (11.3) | 0.181 |
Change of Consciousness n (%) | Yes | 7 (0.2) | 7 (5.3) | 0.000 *** |
Vomit/Nausea n (%) | Yes | 151 (5.3) | 10 (7.5) | 0.376 |
Diarrhea n (%) | Yes | 216 (7.6) | 15 (11.3) | 0.173 |
Diabetes Mellitus n (%) | Yes | 392 (13.9) | 39 (29.3) | 0.000 *** |
Hypertension n (%) | Yes | 633 (22.4) | 64 (48.1) | 0.000 *** |
¥ Heart Failure n (%) | Yes | 30 (1.1) | 4 (3.0) | 0.063 |
Coronary Artery Disease n (%) | Yes | 102 (3.6) | 10 (7.5) | 0.038 * |
Asthma n (%) | Yes | 75 (2.7) | 5 (3.8) | 0.406 |
¥ COPD n (%) | Yes | 26 (0.9) | 2 (1.5) | 0.361 |
Chronic Kidney Disease n (%) | Yes | 27 (1.0) | 10 (7.5) | 0.000 *** |
Cancer n (%) | Yes | 86 (3.0) | 9 (6.0) | 0.033 * |
¥ Chronic Liver Disease n (%) | Yes | 44 (1.6) | 2 (1.5) | 1 |
¥ Rheumatoid Disease n (%) | Yes | 24 (0.8) | 1 (0.8) | 1 |
Dementia n (%) | Yes | 103 (3.6) | 10 (7.5) | 0.041 * |
Hemoglobin(g/dL) n (%) | Normal | 2347 (83.1) | 84 (63.2) | 0.000 *** |
Hematocrit (%) n (%) | Normal | 2267 (80.2) | 79 (59.4) | 0.000 *** |
Lymphocyte (%) n (%) | Normal | 2171 (76.8) | 46 (34.6) | 0.000 *** |
Platelet (103/μL) n (%) | Normal | 2470 (87.4) | 96 (72.2) | 0.000 *** |
WBC (103/μL) n (%) | Normal | 2223 (78.7) | 91 (68.4) | 0.007 ** |
Variables | Estimate | S.E. | T | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 0.069 | 0.0096 | 7.273 | 0.000 *** |
Periods from confirmation | 0.008 | 0.0013 | 6.039 | 0.000 *** |
to release (day) | ||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 0.039 | 0.0193 | 2.048 | 0.040 * |
Body Temperature (°C) | 0.11 | 0.0313 | 3.776 | 0.000 *** |
Lymphocyte (abnormal) | 0.317 | 0.0393 | 8.064 | 0.000 *** |
Platelets (abnormal) | 0.227 | 0.0464 | 4.886 | 0.000 *** |
Fever | 0.176 | 0.0423 | 4.174 | 0.000 *** |
Sore Throat | −0.113 | 0.0396 | −2.848 | 0.004 ** |
Dyspnea | 0.62 | 0.0448 | 13.847 | 0.000 *** |
Headache | −0.084 | 0.0399 | −2.099 | 0.036 * |
COPD | 0.302 | 0.15 | 2.016 | 0.044 * |
Dementia | 0.309 | 0.0814 | 3.727 | 0.000 *** |
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Kim, S.-R.; Nam, S.-H.; Kim, Y.-R. Risk Factors on the Progression to Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients in South Korea: Using National Data. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 8847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238847
Kim S-R, Nam S-H, Kim Y-R. Risk Factors on the Progression to Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients in South Korea: Using National Data. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(23):8847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238847
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Seon-Rye, Seoul-Hee Nam, and Yu-Rin Kim. 2020. "Risk Factors on the Progression to Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients in South Korea: Using National Data" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23: 8847. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238847