The authors wish to add the following amendments and corrections to their paper published in IJERPH [1].
All “consumptions” in the manuscript should be corrected as “consumption”.
Minor errors in statistical calculations have been observed. New statistical analyses have been performed. The newly conducted analyses do not change the conclusions of this study. We have attached the edited tables (
Table 1,
Table 2 and
Table 3).
Table 1.
Descriptive statistics, prevalence rates by variables, and crude examinations for the study sample (N = 12,658). Data source: Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey, 2011.
Table 2.
Odds ratios (OR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (95% CI): Associations among beverage intake frequencies, smoking, and alcohol consumption behaviors are adjusted for all covariates. Data source: China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2011.
Table 3.
Pairwise comparisons between each beverage intake frequency from Tukey’s honest significance tests. Data source: China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2011.
The results of Tukey’s honest significance tests were mostly similar, except with respect to the association between weekly and daily consumption of sweetened beverages and current smoking status. However, this new result is more consistent with that of the multivariable logistic regression model.
Reference
- Lee, Y.-H.; Wang, Z.; Chiang, T.C.; Liu, C.-T. Beverage intake, smoking behavior, and alcohol consumption in contemporary China—A cross-sectional analysis from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 493. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Table 1.
Descriptive statistics, prevalence rates by variables, and crude examinations for the study sample (N = 12,658). Data source: Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey, 2011.
| Variables | Observations (N = 12,658) | Smoking Experience (3883 Yes, 30.7%) | Current Smoking Status (3337 Yes, 26.4%) | Past Year Alcohol Consumption (4289 Yes, 33.9%) |
|---|
| | ap-Value | dp-Value | gp-Value |
|---|
| N1 (%) | b N2 (c pre.smk) | e N3 (f pre.csmk) | h N4 (i pre.alc) |
|---|
| Primary predictors: | | | | |
| Frequency: | | | | |
| Sweetened beverage consumption | | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.038 |
| Daily | 215 (1.7) | 97 (0.8) | 83 (0.7) | 89 (0.7) |
| Weekly | 1548 (12.2) | 437 (3.5) | 395 (3.1) | 547 (4.3) |
| Monthly | 1673 (13.2) | 408 (3.2) | 350 (2.8) | 578 (4.6) |
| Less than monthly or none | 9222 (72.9) | 2941 (23.2) | 2509 (19.8) | 3075 (24.3) |
| Frequency: | | | | |
| Water consumption | | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Daily | 10,555 (83.4) | 3019 (23.9) | 2585 (20.4) | 3450 (27.3) |
| Weekly | 661 (5.2) | 223 (1.8) | 194 (1.5) | 240 (1.9) |
| Monthly | 64 (0.5) | 21 (0.2) | 19 (0.2) | 23 (0.2) |
| Less than monthly or none | 1378 (10.9) | 620 (4.9) | 539 (4.3) | 576 (4.6) |
| Frequency: | | | | |
| Tea consumption | | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Daily | 3507 (27.7) | 1629 (12.9) | 1408 (11.1) | 1666 (13.2) |
| Weekly | 1331 (10.5) | 444 (3.5) | 379 (3.0) | 630 (5.0) |
| Monthly | 117 (0.9) | 42 (0.3) | 32 (0.3) | 49 (0.4) |
| Less than monthly or none | 7703 (60.9) | 1768 (14.0) | 1518 (12.0) | 1944 (15.4) |
| Frequency: | | | | |
| Coffee consumption | | 0.209 | 0.476 | <0.001 |
| Daily | 143 (1.1) | 43 (0.3) | 33 (0.3) | 54 (0.4) |
| Weekly | 388 (3.1) | 101 (0.8) | 93 (0.7) | 175 (1.4) |
| Monthly | 138 (1.1) | 39 (0.3) | 33 (0.3) | 64 (0.5) |
| Less than monthly or none | 11,989 (94.7) | 3700 (29.2) | 3178 (25.1) | 3996 (31.6) |
| Covariates: | | | | |
| Age | | | | |
| (mean ± SD) | 51.1 ± 15.3 | <0.001 | 0.566 | <0.001 |
| Gender | | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Male | 5959 (47.1) | 3652 (28.9) | 3142 (24.8) | 3530 (27.9) |
| Female | 6699 (52.9) | 231 (1.8) | 195 (1.5) | 759 (6.0) |
| Education level | | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Lower | 4538 (35.9) | 1306 (10.3) | 1093 (8.6) | 1136 (9.0) |
| Middle school | 5636 (44.5) | 1934 (15.3) | 1705 (13.5) | 2114 (16.7) |
| Vocational | 929 (7.3) | 274 (2.2) | 230 (1.8) | 361 (2.9) |
| Higher | 1555 (12.3) | 369 (2.9) | 309 (2.4) | 678 (5.4) |
| Employment status | | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| No | 5355 (42.3) | 1266 (10.0) | 963 (7.6) | 1248 (9.9) |
| Yes | 7303 (57.7) | 2617 (20.7) | 2374 (18.8) | 3041 (24.0) |
| Marital status | | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| No | 2003 (15.8) | 487 (3.8) | 426 (3.4) | 514 (4.1) |
| Yes | 10,655 (84.2) | 3396 (26.8) | 2911 (23.0) | 3775 (29.8) |
| Rural/urban communities | | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.571 |
| Rural | 7318 (57.8) | 2424 (19.1) | 2127 (16.8) | 2495 (19.7) |
| Urban | 5340 (42.2) | 1459 (11.5) | 1210 (9.6) | 1794 (14.2) |
| Provinces | | 0.16 | 0.021 | <0.001 |
| Northeast | 1902 (15.0) | 606 (4.8) | 520 (4.1) | 600 (4.7) |
| East coast | 2139 (16.9) | 619 (4.9) | 533 (4.2) | 729 (5.8) |
| Central | 2038 (16.1) | 605 (4.8) | 514 (4.1) | 704 (5.6) |
| South | 3291 (26.0) | 1040 (8.2) | 929 (7.3) | 1022 (8.1) |
| Municipal | 3288 (26.0) | 1013 (8.0) | 841 (6.6) | 1234 (9.7) |
Table 2.
Odds ratios (OR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (95% CI): Associations among beverage intake frequencies, smoking, and alcohol consumption behaviors are adjusted for all covariates. Data source: China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2011.
| Variables | Smoking Experience | Current Smoking Status | Past Year Alcohol Consumption |
|---|
| OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI |
|---|
| Age | 1.01 ** 1.01–1.02 | 1.00 0.99–1.00 | 0.99 ** 0.99–1.00 |
| Gender | | | |
| Female | 0.02 ** 0.02–0.03 | 0.03 ** 0.02–0.03 | 0.10 ** 0.09–0.11 |
| Education level | | | |
| (Overall p-value) | (<0.001) | (<0.001) | (<0.001) |
| Lower | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Middle school | 0.77 ** 0.68–0.88 | 0.79 ** 0.70–0.90 | 1.21 ** 1.08–1.36 |
| Vocational | 0.60 ** 0.48–0.74 | 0.58 ** 0.46–0.71 | 1.40 ** 1.16–1.69 |
| Higher | 0.34 ** 0.28–0.42 | 0.35 ** 0.28–0.42 | 1.47 ** 1.24–1.75 |
| Employment status | | | |
| Yes | 1.45 ** 1.28–1.64 | 1.69 ** 1.49–1.90 | 1.61 ** 1.45–1.78 |
| Marital status | | | |
| Yes | 1.02 0.88–1.19 | 1.00 0.86–1.16 | 1.30 ** 1.14–1.48 |
| Rural/urban communities | | | |
| Urban | 0.74 ** 0.66–0.84 | 0.77 ** 0.68–0.86 | 0.80 ** 0.72–0.89 |
| Provinces | | | |
| (Overall p-value) | (<0.001) | (<0.001) | (<0.001) |
| Northeast | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| East coast | 0.66 ** 0.55–0.79 | 0.71 ** 0.60–0.85 | 1.09 0.93–1.28 |
| Central | 0.77 ** 0.64–0.92 | 0.78 ** 0.65–0.93 | 1.22 * 1.04–1.44 |
| South | 0.81 * 0.69–0.96 | 0.92 0.78–1.08 | 0.89 0.76–1.03 |
| Municipal | 0.99 0.83–1.18 | 0.94 0.79–1.11 | 1.23 ** 1.06–1.44 |
| Sweetened beverage consumption | | | |
| (Overall p-value) | (<0.001) | 0.004 | 0.018 |
| Daily | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Weekly | 0.46 ** 0.31–0.68 | 0.61 * 0.42–0.89 | 0.87 0.62–1.23 |
| Monthly | 0.40 ** 0.27–0.59 | 0.51 ** 0.35–0.74 | 1.15 0.82–1.62 |
| Less than monthly or none | 0.44 ** 0.30–0.64 | 0.60 ** 0.42–0.87 | 0.97 0.70–1.34 |
| Water consumption | | | |
| (Overall p-value) | 0.501 | 0.259 | 0.067 |
| Daily | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Weekly | 1.07 0.86–1.34 | 1.08 0.87–1.35 | 0.93 0.76–1.13 |
| Monthly | 0.68 0.35–1.30 | 0.82 0.43–1.56 | 0.63 0.34–1.13 |
| Less than monthly or none | 1.07 0.90–1.26 | 1.16 0.99–1.36 | 0.84 * 0.73–0.98 |
| Tea consumption | | | |
| (Overall p-value) | (<0.001) | (<0.001) | (<0.001) |
| Daily | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Weekly | 0.68 ** 0.57–0.81 | 0.68 ** 0.57–0.81 | 1.19 * 1.02–1.39 |
| Monthly | 0.89 0.53–1.51 | 0.68 0.40–1.12 | 0.99 0.63–1.54 |
| Less than monthly or none | 0.51 ** 0.45–0.58 | 0.54 ** 0.48–0.61 | 0.53 ** 0.47–0.59 |
| Coffee consumption | | | |
| (Overall p-value) | 0.441 | 0.87 | 0.13 |
| Daily | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Weekly | 0.70 0.40–1.24 | 0.99 0.57–1.75 | 1.16 0.73–1.86 |
| Monthly | 0.96 0.48–1.93 | 1.11 0.56–2.22 | 1.40 0.80–2.46 |
| Less than monthly or none | 0.73 0.45–1.20 | 0.93 0.57–1.52 | 0.94 0.63–1.42 |
Table 3.
Pairwise comparisons between each beverage intake frequency from Tukey’s honest significance tests. Data source: China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2011.
| Pairwise Comparisons | Smoking Experience | Current Smoking Status | Past Year Alcohol Consumption |
|---|
| Sweetened beverage consumption: | | | |
| Weekly–Daily | <0.001 | 0.042 | 0.858 |
| Monthly–Daily | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.845 |
| Less than monthly or none–Daily | <0.001 | 0.028 | 0.997 |
| Monthly–Weekly | 0.452 | 0.277 | 0.011 |
| Less than monthly or none–Weekly | 0.902 | 1 | 0.504 |
| Less than monthly or none–Monthly | 0.63 | 0.122 | 0.052 |
| Water consumption: | | | |
| Weekly–Daily | 0.916 | 0.877 | 0.866 |
| Monthly–Daily | 0.613 | 0.919 | 0.376 |
| Less than monthly or none–Daily | 0.857 | 0.24 | 0.102 |
| Monthly–Weekly | 0.514 | 0.829 | 0.564 |
| Less than monthly or none–Weekly | 1 | 0.947 | 0.838 |
| Less than monthly or none–Monthly | 0.501 | 0.696 | 0.74 |
| Tea consumption: | | | |
| Weekly–Daily | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.11 |
| Monthly–Daily | 0.97 | 0.396 | 1 |
| Less than monthly or none–Daily | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Monthly–Weekly | 0.724 | 1 | 0.835 |
| Less than monthly or none–Weekly | 0.003 | 0.027 | <0.001 |
| Less than monthly or none–Monthly | 0.125 | 0.813 | 0.023 |
| Coffee consumption: | | | |
| Weekly–Daily | 0.596 | 1 | 0.912 |
| Monthly–Daily | 1 | 0.99 | 0.629 |
| Less than monthly or none–Daily | 0.591 | 0.989 | 0.992 |
| Monthly–Weekly | 0.687 | 0.978 | 0.857 |
| Less than monthly or none–Weekly | 0.992 | 0.971 | 0.363 |
| Less than monthly or none–Monthly | 0.7 | 0.885 | 0.219 |
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Table 1. Descriptive statistics, prevalence rates by variables, and crude examinations for the study sample (N = 12,658). Data source: Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey, 2011.