Correction: Lee, Y.-H., et al. Beverage Intake, Smoking Behavior, and Alcohol Consumption in Contemporary China—A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 493
1
School of Public Health, Department of Applied Health Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
2
College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
3
School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Current email address: [email protected].
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(5), 846; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050846
Submission received: 22 March 2018
/
Accepted: 22 March 2018
/
Published: 25 April 2018
(This article belongs to the Collection Health Behavior and Public Health)
The authors wish to add the following amendments and corrections to their paper published in IJERPH [1].
- All “consumptions” in the manuscript should be corrected as “consumption”.
- The results of Tukey’s honest significance tests were mostly similar, except with respect to the association between weekly and daily consumption of sweetened beverages and current smoking status. However, this new result is more consistent with that of the multivariable logistic regression model.
Reference
- Lee, Y.-H.; Wang, Z.; Chiang, T.C.; Liu, C.-T. Beverage intake, smoking behavior, and alcohol consumption in contemporary China—A cross-sectional analysis from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 493. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Table 1.
Descriptive statistics, prevalence rates by variables, and crude examinations for the study sample (N = 12,658). Data source: Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey, 2011.
Table 1.
Descriptive statistics, prevalence rates by variables, and crude examinations for the study sample (N = 12,658). Data source: Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey, 2011.
| Variables | Observations (N = 12,658) | Smoking Experience (3883 Yes, 30.7%) | Current Smoking Status (3337 Yes, 26.4%) | Past Year Alcohol Consumption (4289 Yes, 33.9%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ap-Value | dp-Value | gp-Value | ||
| N1 (%) | b N2 (c pre.smk) | e N3 (f pre.csmk) | h N4 (i pre.alc) | |
| Primary predictors: | ||||
| Frequency: | ||||
| Sweetened beverage consumption | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.038 | |
| Daily | 215 (1.7) | 97 (0.8) | 83 (0.7) | 89 (0.7) |
| Weekly | 1548 (12.2) | 437 (3.5) | 395 (3.1) | 547 (4.3) |
| Monthly | 1673 (13.2) | 408 (3.2) | 350 (2.8) | 578 (4.6) |
| Less than monthly or none | 9222 (72.9) | 2941 (23.2) | 2509 (19.8) | 3075 (24.3) |
| Frequency: | ||||
| Water consumption | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Daily | 10,555 (83.4) | 3019 (23.9) | 2585 (20.4) | 3450 (27.3) |
| Weekly | 661 (5.2) | 223 (1.8) | 194 (1.5) | 240 (1.9) |
| Monthly | 64 (0.5) | 21 (0.2) | 19 (0.2) | 23 (0.2) |
| Less than monthly or none | 1378 (10.9) | 620 (4.9) | 539 (4.3) | 576 (4.6) |
| Frequency: | ||||
| Tea consumption | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Daily | 3507 (27.7) | 1629 (12.9) | 1408 (11.1) | 1666 (13.2) |
| Weekly | 1331 (10.5) | 444 (3.5) | 379 (3.0) | 630 (5.0) |
| Monthly | 117 (0.9) | 42 (0.3) | 32 (0.3) | 49 (0.4) |
| Less than monthly or none | 7703 (60.9) | 1768 (14.0) | 1518 (12.0) | 1944 (15.4) |
| Frequency: | ||||
| Coffee consumption | 0.209 | 0.476 | <0.001 | |
| Daily | 143 (1.1) | 43 (0.3) | 33 (0.3) | 54 (0.4) |
| Weekly | 388 (3.1) | 101 (0.8) | 93 (0.7) | 175 (1.4) |
| Monthly | 138 (1.1) | 39 (0.3) | 33 (0.3) | 64 (0.5) |
| Less than monthly or none | 11,989 (94.7) | 3700 (29.2) | 3178 (25.1) | 3996 (31.6) |
| Covariates: | ||||
| Age | ||||
| (mean ± SD) | 51.1 ± 15.3 | <0.001 | 0.566 | <0.001 |
| Gender | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Male | 5959 (47.1) | 3652 (28.9) | 3142 (24.8) | 3530 (27.9) |
| Female | 6699 (52.9) | 231 (1.8) | 195 (1.5) | 759 (6.0) |
| Education level | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Lower | 4538 (35.9) | 1306 (10.3) | 1093 (8.6) | 1136 (9.0) |
| Middle school | 5636 (44.5) | 1934 (15.3) | 1705 (13.5) | 2114 (16.7) |
| Vocational | 929 (7.3) | 274 (2.2) | 230 (1.8) | 361 (2.9) |
| Higher | 1555 (12.3) | 369 (2.9) | 309 (2.4) | 678 (5.4) |
| Employment status | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| No | 5355 (42.3) | 1266 (10.0) | 963 (7.6) | 1248 (9.9) |
| Yes | 7303 (57.7) | 2617 (20.7) | 2374 (18.8) | 3041 (24.0) |
| Marital status | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| No | 2003 (15.8) | 487 (3.8) | 426 (3.4) | 514 (4.1) |
| Yes | 10,655 (84.2) | 3396 (26.8) | 2911 (23.0) | 3775 (29.8) |
| Rural/urban communities | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.571 | |
| Rural | 7318 (57.8) | 2424 (19.1) | 2127 (16.8) | 2495 (19.7) |
| Urban | 5340 (42.2) | 1459 (11.5) | 1210 (9.6) | 1794 (14.2) |
| Provinces | 0.16 | 0.021 | <0.001 | |
| Northeast | 1902 (15.0) | 606 (4.8) | 520 (4.1) | 600 (4.7) |
| East coast | 2139 (16.9) | 619 (4.9) | 533 (4.2) | 729 (5.8) |
| Central | 2038 (16.1) | 605 (4.8) | 514 (4.1) | 704 (5.6) |
| South | 3291 (26.0) | 1040 (8.2) | 929 (7.3) | 1022 (8.1) |
| Municipal | 3288 (26.0) | 1013 (8.0) | 841 (6.6) | 1234 (9.7) |
Statistical significance: p-value < 0.05. Prevalence rate: Number of cases/Number of total population. a p-value: the p-value of the crude association between smoking experience and the predictor; b N2: Distribution of individuals with smoking experience by variable; c pre.smk: Prevalence rate of individuals with smoking experience; d p-value: the p-value of the crude association between current smoking status and the predictor; e N3: Distribution of individuals with current smoking status by variable; f pre.csmk: Prevalence rate of current smokers; g p-value: the p-value of the crude association between past year alcohol consumption and the predictor; h N4: Distribution of individuals with past year alcohol consumption by variable; i pre.alc: Prevalence of individuals with past year alcohol consumption.
Table 2.
Odds ratios (OR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (95% CI): Associations among beverage intake frequencies, smoking, and alcohol consumption behaviors are adjusted for all covariates. Data source: China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2011.
Table 2.
Odds ratios (OR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (95% CI): Associations among beverage intake frequencies, smoking, and alcohol consumption behaviors are adjusted for all covariates. Data source: China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2011.
| Variables | Smoking Experience | Current Smoking Status | Past Year Alcohol Consumption |
|---|---|---|---|
| OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | |
| Age | 1.01 ** 1.01–1.02 | 1.00 0.99–1.00 | 0.99 ** 0.99–1.00 |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 0.02 ** 0.02–0.03 | 0.03 ** 0.02–0.03 | 0.10 ** 0.09–0.11 |
| Education level | |||
| (Overall p-value) | (<0.001) | (<0.001) | (<0.001) |
| Lower | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Middle school | 0.77 ** 0.68–0.88 | 0.79 ** 0.70–0.90 | 1.21 ** 1.08–1.36 |
| Vocational | 0.60 ** 0.48–0.74 | 0.58 ** 0.46–0.71 | 1.40 ** 1.16–1.69 |
| Higher | 0.34 ** 0.28–0.42 | 0.35 ** 0.28–0.42 | 1.47 ** 1.24–1.75 |
| Employment status | |||
| Yes | 1.45 ** 1.28–1.64 | 1.69 ** 1.49–1.90 | 1.61 ** 1.45–1.78 |
| Marital status | |||
| Yes | 1.02 0.88–1.19 | 1.00 0.86–1.16 | 1.30 ** 1.14–1.48 |
| Rural/urban communities | |||
| Urban | 0.74 ** 0.66–0.84 | 0.77 ** 0.68–0.86 | 0.80 ** 0.72–0.89 |
| Provinces | |||
| (Overall p-value) | (<0.001) | (<0.001) | (<0.001) |
| Northeast | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| East coast | 0.66 ** 0.55–0.79 | 0.71 ** 0.60–0.85 | 1.09 0.93–1.28 |
| Central | 0.77 ** 0.64–0.92 | 0.78 ** 0.65–0.93 | 1.22 * 1.04–1.44 |
| South | 0.81 * 0.69–0.96 | 0.92 0.78–1.08 | 0.89 0.76–1.03 |
| Municipal | 0.99 0.83–1.18 | 0.94 0.79–1.11 | 1.23 ** 1.06–1.44 |
| Sweetened beverage consumption | |||
| (Overall p-value) | (<0.001) | 0.004 | 0.018 |
| Daily | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Weekly | 0.46 ** 0.31–0.68 | 0.61 * 0.42–0.89 | 0.87 0.62–1.23 |
| Monthly | 0.40 ** 0.27–0.59 | 0.51 ** 0.35–0.74 | 1.15 0.82–1.62 |
| Less than monthly or none | 0.44 ** 0.30–0.64 | 0.60 ** 0.42–0.87 | 0.97 0.70–1.34 |
| Water consumption | |||
| (Overall p-value) | 0.501 | 0.259 | 0.067 |
| Daily | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Weekly | 1.07 0.86–1.34 | 1.08 0.87–1.35 | 0.93 0.76–1.13 |
| Monthly | 0.68 0.35–1.30 | 0.82 0.43–1.56 | 0.63 0.34–1.13 |
| Less than monthly or none | 1.07 0.90–1.26 | 1.16 0.99–1.36 | 0.84 * 0.73–0.98 |
| Tea consumption | |||
| (Overall p-value) | (<0.001) | (<0.001) | (<0.001) |
| Daily | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Weekly | 0.68 ** 0.57–0.81 | 0.68 ** 0.57–0.81 | 1.19 * 1.02–1.39 |
| Monthly | 0.89 0.53–1.51 | 0.68 0.40–1.12 | 0.99 0.63–1.54 |
| Less than monthly or none | 0.51 ** 0.45–0.58 | 0.54 ** 0.48–0.61 | 0.53 ** 0.47–0.59 |
| Coffee consumption | |||
| (Overall p-value) | 0.441 | 0.87 | 0.13 |
| Daily | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Weekly | 0.70 0.40–1.24 | 0.99 0.57–1.75 | 1.16 0.73–1.86 |
| Monthly | 0.96 0.48–1.93 | 1.11 0.56–2.22 | 1.40 0.80–2.46 |
| Less than monthly or none | 0.73 0.45–1.20 | 0.93 0.57–1.52 | 0.94 0.63–1.42 |
* p-value < 0.05, ** p-value < 0.01; OR: 1.00 (Reference level).
Table 3.
Pairwise comparisons between each beverage intake frequency from Tukey’s honest significance tests. Data source: China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2011.
Table 3.
Pairwise comparisons between each beverage intake frequency from Tukey’s honest significance tests. Data source: China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2011.
| Pairwise Comparisons | Smoking Experience | Current Smoking Status | Past Year Alcohol Consumption |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sweetened beverage consumption: | |||
| Weekly–Daily | <0.001 | 0.042 | 0.858 |
| Monthly–Daily | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.845 |
| Less than monthly or none–Daily | <0.001 | 0.028 | 0.997 |
| Monthly–Weekly | 0.452 | 0.277 | 0.011 |
| Less than monthly or none–Weekly | 0.902 | 1 | 0.504 |
| Less than monthly or none–Monthly | 0.63 | 0.122 | 0.052 |
| Water consumption: | |||
| Weekly–Daily | 0.916 | 0.877 | 0.866 |
| Monthly–Daily | 0.613 | 0.919 | 0.376 |
| Less than monthly or none–Daily | 0.857 | 0.24 | 0.102 |
| Monthly–Weekly | 0.514 | 0.829 | 0.564 |
| Less than monthly or none–Weekly | 1 | 0.947 | 0.838 |
| Less than monthly or none–Monthly | 0.501 | 0.696 | 0.74 |
| Tea consumption: | |||
| Weekly–Daily | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.11 |
| Monthly–Daily | 0.97 | 0.396 | 1 |
| Less than monthly or none–Daily | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Monthly–Weekly | 0.724 | 1 | 0.835 |
| Less than monthly or none–Weekly | 0.003 | 0.027 | <0.001 |
| Less than monthly or none–Monthly | 0.125 | 0.813 | 0.023 |
| Coffee consumption: | |||
| Weekly–Daily | 0.596 | 1 | 0.912 |
| Monthly–Daily | 1 | 0.99 | 0.629 |
| Less than monthly or none–Daily | 0.591 | 0.989 | 0.992 |
| Monthly–Weekly | 0.687 | 0.978 | 0.857 |
| Less than monthly or none–Weekly | 0.992 | 0.971 | 0.363 |
| Less than monthly or none–Monthly | 0.7 | 0.885 | 0.219 |
Statistical significance: p < 0.05.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lee, Y.-H.; Wang, Z.; Chiang, T.C.; Liu, C.-T. Correction: Lee, Y.-H., et al. Beverage Intake, Smoking Behavior, and Alcohol Consumption in Contemporary China—A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 493. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 846. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050846
AMA Style
Lee Y-H, Wang Z, Chiang TC, Liu C-T. Correction: Lee, Y.-H., et al. Beverage Intake, Smoking Behavior, and Alcohol Consumption in Contemporary China—A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 493. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15(5):846. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050846
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Yen-Han, Zhi Wang, Timothy C. Chiang, and Ching-Ti Liu. 2018. "Correction: Lee, Y.-H., et al. Beverage Intake, Smoking Behavior, and Alcohol Consumption in Contemporary China—A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2017, 14, 493" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 5: 846. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050846
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