Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15(4), 647; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040647
Application of a Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Design to Explore the Effects of Air Pollution and Season on Childhood Asthma Hospitalization in Cities of Differing Urban Patterns: Big Data Analytics of Government Open Data
Ching-Yen Kuo 1,2
, Ren-Hao Pan 1, Chin-Kan Chan 3, Chiung-Yi Wu 1, Dinh-Van Phan 1,4,5 and Chien-Lung Chan 1,4,*
, Ren-Hao Pan 1, Chin-Kan Chan 3, Chiung-Yi Wu 1, Dinh-Van Phan 1,4,5 and Chien-Lung Chan 1,4,*
1
Institute of Information Management, Yuan-Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Jung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
2
Department of Medical Administration, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1492 Zhongshan Road, Taoyuan Dist., Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
3
Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 1492 Zhongshan Road, Taoyuan Dist., Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
4
Innovation Center for Big Data and Digital Convergence, Yuan-Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Road, Jung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
5
University of Economics, The University of Danang, , 71 Ngu Hanh Son Street, Danang 550000, Vietnam
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 9 February 2018 / Revised: 27 March 2018 / Accepted: 28 March 2018 / Published: 31 March 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Health, Environmental Informatics and Risk: Managing Hazards in the Information Era)
Abstract
Few studies have assessed the lagged effects of levels of different urban city air pollutants and seasons on asthma hospitalization in children. This study used big data analysis to explore the effects of daily changes in air pollution and season on childhood asthma hospitalization from 2001 to 2010 in Taipei and Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. A time-stratified case-crossover study and conditional logistic regression analysis were employed to identify associations between the risk of hospitalization due to asthma in children and the levels of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, SO2, and NO2) in the days preceding hospitalization. During the study period, 2900 children in Taipei and 1337 in Kaohsiung aged ≤15 years were hospitalized due to asthma for the first time. The results indicated that the levels of air pollutants were significantly associated with the risk of asthma hospitalization in children, and seasonal effects were observed. High levels of air pollution in Kaohsiung had greater effects than in Taipei after adjusting for seasonal variation. The most important factor was O3 in spring in Taipei. In children aged 0–6 years, asthma was associated with O3 in Taipei and SO2 in Kaohsiung, after controlling for the daily mean temperature and relative humidity. View Full-TextKeywords:
childhood asthma hospitalization; air pollution; time-stratified case-crossover design; urban pattern; big data and open data
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Kuo, C.-Y.; Pan, R.-H.; Chan, C.-K.; Wu, C.-Y.; Phan, D.-V.; Chan, C.-L. Application of a Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Design to Explore the Effects of Air Pollution and Season on Childhood Asthma Hospitalization in Cities of Differing Urban Patterns: Big Data Analytics of Government Open Data. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 647.
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